2022年5月28日 星期六

Ark Invest – 電動汽車:與汽油動力汽車實現標價平價

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6Uzg4NxpGI

 


 

 

Transcript

0:05

hello everyone i'm sam kors i'm an

0:08

analyst at arc invest and i work on our

0:10

autonomous technology and robotics team

0:13

i focus on the technologies of energy

0:15

storage robotics

0:17

and aerospace

0:19

but today the big idea is electric

0:21

vehicles and i'm really excited to get

0:24

started to talk about them

0:26

we just got numbers final numbers for

0:28

2021

0:29

and they were higher than i think a lot

0:31

of people expected and so we'll get into

0:33

why that may be the case and where we

0:35

see the industry going

0:37

so electric vehicles are in route to

0:40

sticker price parity with gas powered

0:42

cars

0:43

this is going to be a big deal because

0:44

that's really the tipping point for

0:46

demand

0:47

and currently the two biggest

0:50

uh bottlenecks really for people

0:52

purchasing an eev are you know the

0:54

upfront price being too high and people

0:56

have a lot of range anxiety

0:58

but looking at the technology we're

0:59

seeing that costs are coming down

1:02

and we're seeing that ranges are going

1:04

up and charging times are also

1:05

decreasing

1:07

so based on wright's law and that's that

1:09

battery cost decline curve that we're

1:12

talking about we're forecasting that

1:14

there will be 40 million electric

1:16

vehicles sold in 2026

1:20

that's up from 4.8 million electric

1:22

vehicles sold in 2021

1:25

that comes out to about a 53 percent

1:28

annual growth rate which is very

1:30

impressive

1:31

uh and really the biggest risk to this

1:33

is whether or not traditional automakers

1:36

can successfully transition from

1:38

gas-powered vehicles to autonomous

1:41

electric vehicles

1:42

so where does it all start

1:46

it starts

1:48

with wright's law

1:50

and the battery cost decline so what is

1:53

wright's law wright's law is that for

1:56

every cumulative doubling in production

1:58

you get a fixed percent cost decline

2:01

and that's what we're seeing here on the

2:03

chart on the left and that fixed percent

2:05

cost decline for lithium-ion batteries

2:07

is 28

2:09

so a 28

2:10

cost decline for every doubling

2:12

cumulative doubling uh and why the

2:15

battery you know there's a lot of parts

2:17

that go into an electric vehicle

2:19

the reason we're choosing the battery is

2:21

because it's the single largest cost

2:23

component of the electric vehicle so it

2:25

typically makes up roughly 20 to 25

2:28

percent of the total cost of the vehicle

2:30

so by looking at the cost decline for

2:32

that component

2:34

you can get a pretty good sense for the

2:36

total cost to produce the vehicle

2:38

uh what we've really done this year and

2:41

how we've extended our research relative

2:43

to last year is by looking at lithium

2:45

iron phosphate cells

2:47

and so on the chart on the left you'll

2:49

see that there's two lines there the top

2:51

line is looking at nickel cells

2:54

and the bottom line is looking at these

2:56

lithium iron phosphate cells

2:58

and the difference here is that nickel

3:00

cells are more energy dense

3:03

but they're more expensive

3:04

and so what does more energy dense mean

3:06

in an electric vehicle

3:08

it means that all else being the same uh

3:10

you have more energy per unit of mass so

3:13

you should have a longer range

3:15

uh but with the lithium iron phosphate

3:18

cell

3:19

uh you get a much cheaper battery cost

3:22

and it's at a lower production base and

3:24

that's where we look at the chart on the

3:26

right and we see that

3:27

uh by using lithium iron phosphate not

3:30

only is it already cheaper but it

3:32

requires fewer vehicles

3:35

to reach that cumulative doubling

3:37

and get another cost decline by 28

3:41

and so what we think is going to happen

3:43

is that you're going to have a somewhat

3:46

of a split in

3:49

automakers who have the efficiency such

3:51

that they can use

3:53

a lithium iron phosphate cell because

3:56

they have the efficiency so they can use

3:58

the less energy dense cheaper cell and

4:00

still reach an acceptable range

4:03

whereas you'll have people who are

4:05

laggards in the industry who will still

4:07

be using that more expensive cell to to

4:10

achieve the same level of range

4:12

and that could provide some interesting

4:14

dynamics

4:17

and all of this is driving to that

4:19

tipping point that we're talking about

4:21

and when electric vehicles could hit uh

4:24

that

4:25

price parity with uh

4:28

gas powered cars and we think that this

4:31

is could occur in 2023

4:33

but what you'll see here is that we're

4:35

actually focusing on cost and we'll get

4:38

into that in a second and the reason

4:40

that this is so important is that we've

4:42

already passed the point with total cost

4:45

of ownership

4:46

back in 2019 uh we did modeling that

4:49

showed that

4:50

it was already cheaper for a like for

4:52

like electric vehicle relative to a

4:54

toyota camry and you can see that with a

4:56

number of fleet orders whether it's taxi

4:59

companies

5:00

uber drivers

5:02

police departments who are shifting over

5:04

to electric vehicles

5:05

because of that

5:06

total cost of ownership

5:08

but then the the price parity matters

5:10

because this is the point when you'd go

5:12

into a car dealership and

5:15

the car dealer says you know do you want

5:16

this electric uh vehicle that's 24 000

5:20

or do you want this gas-powered one it's

5:22

identical except for it's gas powered

5:23

and it's 25 000.

5:25

at that point it's uh you know we think

5:28

it's a no-brainer where demand starts to

5:30

tip over

5:31

uh but the reason that we're focusing on

5:33

cost in this chart uh is because the

5:36

technology cost declines are very clear

5:38

but the dynamics for price could be a

5:41

little bit harder to predict and we

5:43

could see a few different things taking

5:45

place

5:46

so already today we're seeing that

5:49

demand for electric vehicles is

5:50

exceeding supply and so you need

5:53

competition potentially to drive down

5:55

these costs or the price um so people

5:59

are competing and the consumer wins from

6:00

that element what we're seeing is that

6:02

traditional automakers

6:04

are pretty behind when it's coming to

6:06

this transition

6:08

and there's talks of subsidies coming in

6:10

and so if a subsidy comes in and you

6:12

have traditional automakers uh who now

6:15

are producing vehicles profitably

6:17

because of that subsidy but they're not

6:19

really passing that subsidy on to the

6:21

consumer they're just raising the price

6:23

of their own vehicles and that could

6:25

make it so that there's less competition

6:27

and the prices don't come down

6:29

but the costs are still coming down and

6:31

whoever's able to ride that cost decline

6:34

curve

6:35

could have extra normal margins in that

6:37

interim so that's why we're focusing on

6:39

cost and then the last thing i'll call

6:40

out here

6:41

is that most people think you know price

6:44

parity is this end point the battery

6:47

cost will come down and then they'll

6:49

stay level with gas powered cars

6:52

that's not what happens

6:54

the cost decline should continue and so

6:56

you can see that in 2025

6:58

we think that it's going to be

7:00

you know 25 to 35 cheaper to produce an

7:03

electric vehicle relative to the gas

7:05

powered counterpart

7:10

so we were just talking about you know

7:12

vehicle price and costs which is one

7:14

barrier to entry for consumers and the

7:17

other is range anxiety

7:19

and what we see here is that wright's

7:21

law also models improvements in electric

7:24

vehicle charging rates and so the

7:26

ability to charge an ev quickly is

7:28

impacted not just by the vehicle and

7:32

the power electronics there but by the

7:33

charging infrastructure

7:35

uh and what you can see is that you know

7:37

since

7:38

you know very early days in the auto

7:40

industry in 1915 uh all the way through

7:44

last year 2021 there's been pretty

7:46

consistent improvement in charging rate

7:49

uh and we think that this is going to

7:50

continue through

7:52

2026

7:54

and you know a lot of money is being

7:56

invested in improving this metric

7:59

because

8:00

you know we do see that it's a hang up

8:01

for consumers

8:03

but it you can imagine that after 2026

8:06

or in that time frame once you reach a

8:09

point where

8:10

you know it takes 10 minutes to charge

8:12

your electric vehicle

8:14

there's going to be marginal return on

8:16

investment for bringing that down to 9

8:18

minutes

8:19

or 8 minutes and we could see that the

8:22

industry will optimize for other

8:23

features potentially autonomous driving

8:26

maybe more safety

8:28

and then you know other entertainment

8:30

and how to keep you occupied if it is

8:32

autonomous

8:37

so what does the industry look like um

8:40

eb performance is improving you just saw

8:43

that with charging rates

8:44

uh but it's charging across a number of

8:47

metrics and what's interesting though is

8:49

that you know it's not improving

8:51

uniformly across all automakers

8:54

and we can see that uh the median

8:56

performance of electric vehicles in 2021

8:59

is approaching tesla's performance in

9:01

2018. uh so this is you know kind of

9:04

where we get that sense of tesla being

9:06

three years ahead of the rest of the

9:08

industry

9:10

and when you look at the y-axis here

9:13

you can see the way that we're defining

9:15

this index is looking at charging rate

9:17

divided by vehicle cost and that's not

9:20

because charging rate is that important

9:22

in and of itself though you know people

9:25

like cars that charge fast it's because

9:27

charging rate encapsulates the

9:29

efficiency of the vehicle

9:30

the range of the vehicle uh and the

9:32

power capabilities of the vehicle

9:35

and so

9:36

uh there's been this continued

9:38

improvement and if we look to the right

9:40

we can see that you know these trends

9:42

should continue uh and we think there

9:44

will be a roughly eightfold increase in

9:46

performance

9:48

of electric vehicles uh over the next

9:50

five years and what does this

9:53

performance look like on this uh index

9:56

you know it comes back to you know the

9:58

way that we were just describing it it

10:00

could be faster charging it could be a

10:02

cheaper vehicle uh and for some it will

10:05

be uh incredible performance

10:08

you know super fast acceleration

10:10

uh and you know we believe that

10:12

autonomous could take shape in that time

10:15

frame

10:19

so with all of these improvements we're

10:21

seeing electric vehicles continue to

10:24

take share from gas-powered vehicles uh

10:26

and it's pretty remarkable in 2021

10:29

ev sales soared they were up 112

10:32

year-over-year while gas-powered sales

10:35

were estimated to be up just 1.7

10:38

off of you know very uh depressed levels

10:41

from covid and so just looking at this

10:44

chart i think it becomes fairly clear

10:47

that

10:49

the incremental demand for vehicles is

10:51

going towards electric

10:53

and it's interesting to think you know

10:55

right now people are all talking about

10:57

the

10:58

semiconductor chip shortage and to think

11:01

that you know there's this shortage but

11:03

by the time that's resolved where is the

11:06

demand is there true demand for gas

11:08

powered vehicles

11:10

back to where people are expecting

11:12

or

11:13

is it actually going to be electric

11:15

and then the need for these gas-powered

11:18

vehicles

11:19

may not be as strong as people expected

11:24

the other thing you'll notice here is

11:26

that the growth rates are not what you'd

11:28

expect even even from a disruptive

11:31

technology

11:32

there they went from 69 in 2018 to 112

11:36

percent in 2021

11:38

and what we're seeing is that electric

11:40

vehicles are breaking traditional

11:42

s-curve dynamics so in this chart on the

11:44

left

11:45

you're seeing that a traditional s-curve

11:49

and you see even in the very early years

11:51

with high growth rate

11:52

there's a declining year-over-year

11:55

growth great every year so it goes 140

11:57

138 135

12:00

and with electric vehicle sales they've

12:02

gone from 60 in 2013

12:06

and now they're at 112

12:08

in 2021 and the reason for that is that

12:11

we're seeing uh layered s-curves on top

12:13

of each other as new electric vehicles

12:16

enter different price segments and so

12:18

it's coming at the high end and it

12:20

started that adoption curve and then you

12:22

got the cheaper vehicle

12:23

more mid-range

12:25

and it started that adoption curve

12:27

and it's leading to tremendous

12:29

accelerating growth

12:31

so

12:32

to to sum it all up you know if

12:34

traditional automakers can navigate the

12:36

shift from gas-powered vehicles

12:40

to electric we think that ev sales could

12:43

increase eightfold from 4.8 million

12:46

to 40 million during the next five years

12:49

that's a 53 compound annual growth rate

12:52

and would be a 1.2 trillion dollar uh

12:56

revenue opportunity in 2026. uh one of

12:59

the last things i'll leave for you here

13:02

is that an interesting dynamic that

13:03

we're seeing

13:05

is the emergence of neighborhood

13:06

electric vehicles and so these are

13:08

vehicles that aren't designed to go on

13:10

the highway they're extraordinarily

13:12

inexpensive

13:14

and they're ramping extremely quickly

13:16

and so in china there's a mini ev that

13:20

went from five percent share of the

13:22

battery electric vehicle market

13:24

to nine percent uh in the past year and

13:27

we think that these will continue to

13:28

take off and could be a significant part

13:30

of those 40 million units

13:33

so that's the

13:34

electric vehicle section i hope you

13:36

enjoyed the research

13:38

as always you can reach us on twitter

13:40

and check out more research at arc

13:42

dashingbest.com

13:58

you

 

成績單

 

0:05

大家好,我是 sam kors,我

0:08

arc 投資的分析師,我在我們

0:10

自主技術和機器人團

 

 

0:13

我專注於能源技

0:15

存儲機器

0:17

和航空航

0:19

但今天的大創意是電動

0:21

車輛,我真的很高興得

0:24

開始談論他

0:26

我們剛剛得到了最終數

0:28

2021

0:29

他們比我想像的要高很

0:31

預期的人,所以我們將進

0:33

為什麼會這樣,我們在哪

0:35

看到行業發

0:37

所以電動汽車正在走

0:40

燃氣動力的標價平

0:42

0:43

這將是一件大事,因

0:44

這真的是轉折

0:46

0:47

和目前最大的兩

0:50

呃瓶頸真的對人來

0:52

購買 eev 你知道

0:54

前期價格太高而且人

0:56

有很多範圍焦

0:58

但看看我們的技

0:59

看到成本正在下

1:02

我們看到範圍正在擴

1:04

起來和充電時間也

1:05

1:07

所以基於賴特定律,就是這

1:09

我們的電池成本下降曲

1:12

談論我們正在預

1:14

將有4000

1:16

2026 年售出的車

1:20

這比 480

1:22

2021年售出的車

1:25

結果約為 53%

1:28

年增長率非

1:30

感人

1:31

呃,這真的是最大的風

1:33

是不是傳統汽車製造

1:36

可以成功地

1:38

汽油動力汽車到自動駕

1:41

電動汽

1:42

那麼這一切從哪裡開

1:46

1:48

與賴特定

1:50

和電池成本下降所以什麼

1:53

賴特定律 賴特定律

1:56

產量每累計翻一

1:58

你得到一個固定百分比的成本下

2:01

這就是我們在這裡看到

2:03

左邊的圖表和那個固定的百分

2:05

鋰離子電池成本下

2:07

28

2:09

所以28

2:10

每翻一番成本下

2:12

累積加倍呃以及為什

2:15

電池你知道有很多零

2:17

進入電動汽

2:19

我們選擇電池的原因

2:21

因為這是最大的單一成

2:23

電動汽車的組成部分,所以

2:25

通常構成大約 20 25

2:28

車輛總成本的百分

2:30

因此,通過查看成本下

2:32

那個組

2:34

你可以很好地理

2:36

生產車輛的總成

2:38

呃我們今年真的做了什

2:41

我們如何擴展我們的研究相

2:43

到去年是通過查看

2:45

磷酸鐵細

2:47

等等左邊的圖表你

2:49

看到上面有兩條

2:51

生產線正在尋找鎳電

2:54

最重要的是看這

2:56

磷酸鐵鋰電

2:58

這裡的區別是

3:00

細胞能量密度更

3:03

但它們更

3:04

那麼能量密度更高是什麼意

3:06

在電動汽車

3:08

這意味著其他一切都是一樣

3:10

你每單位質量有更多的能量,所

3:13

你應該有更長的範

3:15

呃,但是用磷酸鐵

3:18

3:19

呃,你會得到便宜得多的電池成

3:22

而且它的生產基地較

3:24

這就是我們查看圖表的地

3:26

對,我們看到

3:27

呃通過使用磷酸鐵鋰不

3:30

只是它已經便宜了,但

3:32

需要更少的車

3:35

達到累積翻

3:37

並獲得另一次成本下降 28

3:41

所以我們認為將會發生的事

3:43

是你會有

3:46

分裂

3:49

有效率的汽車製造

3:51

他們可以使

3:53

磷酸鐵鋰電池,因

3:56

他們有效率,所以他們可以使

3:58

能量密度越低越便宜的電池

4:00

仍然達到可接受的範

4:03

而你會有

4:05

行業落後者仍

4:07

使用那個更昂貴的電池

4:10

達到相同的範

4:12

這可以提供一些有趣

4:14

動力

4:17

所有這一切都在朝著那個方向發

4:19

我們正在談論的臨界

4:21

當電動汽車可以撞

4:24

4:25

價格與呃平

4:28

汽油動力汽車,我們認為

4:31

可能發生在 2023

4:33

但你會在這裡看到的是,我們

4:35

實際上專注於成本,我們會得

4:38

一秒鐘後進入那個原

4:40

這是如此重要的是我們已

4:42

總成本已經過

4:45

所有

4:46

早在 2019 年,我們做了建

4:49

4:50

喜歡的東西已經便宜

4:52

就像電動汽車相對

4:54

豐田凱美瑞,你可以看

4:56

車隊訂單數量(無論是出租車

4:59

5:00

超級司

5:02

正在轉移的警察部

5:04

到電動汽

5:05

正因為如

5:06

總擁有成

5:08

但是價格平價很重

5:10

因為這是你要去的地

5:12

進入汽車經銷商

5:15

汽車經銷商說你知道你想

5:16

這輛電動車是 24 000

5:20

或者你想要這個以汽油為動力的嗎

5:22

相同,除了它是燃氣動力

5:23

它是 25 000

5:25

在那一點上,你知道我們認

5:28

需求開始上升是顯而易見

5:30

5:31

呃,但是我們關注的原

5:33

這個圖表中的成本是因

5:36

技術成本下降非常明

5:38

但價格的動態可能

5:41

有點難以預測,我

5:43

可以看到一些不同的東西

5:45

5:46

所以今天我們已經看到

5:49

對電動汽車的需求

5:50

供過於求,所以你需

5:53

競爭可能會降

5:55

這些成本或價格嗯,所以人

5:59

正在競爭,消費者

6:00

我們看到的那個元素

6:02

傳統汽車製造

6:04

快到的時候已經很落後

6:06

這種轉

6:08

還有關於補貼的討

6:10

所以如果有補貼,

6:12

有傳統的汽車製造

6:15

正在盈利地生產汽

6:17

因為那個補貼,但他們不

6:19

真正將補貼轉嫁

6:21

消費者他們只是在提高價

6:23

他們自己的車輛,這可

6:25

讓它減少競

6:27

而且價格沒有下

6:29

但成本仍在下

6:31

誰能夠承受成本下

6:34

6:35

可能有額外的正常利

6:37

臨時,所以這就是我們關注的原

6:39

成本,然後我會打電話的最後一件

6:40

在這

6:41

是大多數人認為你知道價格

6:44

奇偶校驗是電池的這個端

6:47

成本會下降,然後他們

6:49

與汽油動力汽車保持水

6:52

這不是發生的事

6:54

成本下降應該會繼續,所

6:56

你可以在 2025 年看

6:58

我們認為這將

7:00

你知道生產一個便宜 25 35

7:03

電動汽車相對於汽

7:05

動力對

7:10

所以我們只是在談論你知道

7:12

車輛價格和成本是其中之

7:14

消費者進入壁壘

7:17

另一個是范圍焦

7:19

我們在這裡看到的是賴特

7:21

法律還模擬了電氣方面的改

7:24

車輛充電率

7:26

快速為電動汽車充電的能力

7:28

不僅受到車輛的影響,而

7:32

那裡的電力電子設備,但

7:33

充電基礎設

7:35

呃,你可以看到的是你知

7:37

7:38

你知道汽車行業的早

7:40

1915年的工業呃一路走

7:44

去年 2021 年過得很

7:46

充電率持續提

7:49

呃,我們認為這

7:50

繼續通

7:52

2026

7:54

你知道有很多

7:56

投資於改進這一指

7:59

8:00

你知道我們確實看到這是掛斷電

8:01

為消費

8:03

但你可以想像 2026 年之

8:06

或者在那個時間範圍內,一旦你達

8:09

點在哪

8:10

你知道充電需要10

8:12

你的電動

8:14

會有邊際回

8:16

將其降至 9 的投

8:18

8:19

8 分鐘,我們可以看

8:22

行業將優化其

8:23

具有潛在的自動駕駛功

8:26

也許更安

8:28

然後你知道其他娛

8:30

以及如何讓你忙

8:32

自主

8:37

那麼這個行業是什麼樣的

8:40

您剛剛看到的 eb 性能正在提

8:43

與收費

8:44

呃,但它正在充

8:47

指標,但有趣的

8:49

你知道它沒有改

8:51

在所有汽車製造商中統

8:54

我們可以看到呃中位

8:56

2021年電動汽車的表

8:59

正在接近特斯拉的表

9:01

2018. 嗯,這就是你知道

9:04

我們從哪裡得到特斯拉的存在

9:06

比其他國家提前三

9:08

9:10

當您在這裡查看 y

9:13

你可以看到我們定義的方

9:15

這個指數是看收費

9:17

除以車輛成本,這不

9:20

因為充電率很重

9:22

儘管你認識人,但它本身就

9:25

喜歡快速充電的汽車,這是因

9:27

充電率封裝

9:29

車輛效

9:30

車輛的續航里程

9:32

車輛的動力能

9:35

9:36

呃有這個繼

9:38

改進,如果我們向右

9:40

我們可以看到你知道這些趨

9:42

應該繼續呃,我們認為那

9:44

將增加大約八

9:46

9:48

未來的電動汽

9:50

五年,這是什

9:53

在這個 uh 指數上的表

9:56

你知道它會回到你知道

9:58

我們只是描述它的方

10:00

可能會更快充

10:02

更便宜的車,呃,對某些人來說,它

10:05

是呃不可思議的表

10:08

你知道超快速加

10:10

呃,你知道我們相

10:12

自主可以在那個時候形

10:15

10:19

因此,通過所有這些改進,我

10:21

看到電動汽車繼

10:24

從汽油動力汽車中分一杯

10:26

2021 年非常了不

10:29

電動汽車銷量飆升 112

10:32

與去年同期相比,以燃氣為動力的銷

10:35

估計僅上漲 1.7

10:38

關你知道非常沮喪的水

10:41

來自covid,所以只是看著這

10:44

圖表我認為它變得相當清

10:47

10:49

對車輛的增量需求

10:51

走向電

10:53

覺得你知道很有

10:55

現在人們都在談

10:57

10:58

半導體芯片短缺與思

11:01

你知道有這種短缺,但

11:03

到解決的時

11:06

需求是否存在對天然氣的真實需

11:08

動力車

11:10

回到人們期待的地

11:12

11:13

它真的會是電動的

11:15

然後需要這些以氣體為動力

11:18

11:19

可能沒有人們預期的那麼強

11:24

你會注意到的另一件事

11:26

增長率不是你想要

11:28

甚至期望從破壞

11:31

11:32

他們從 2018 年的 69 人增加到 112

11:36

2021 年的百分

11:38

我們看到的是電

11:40

車輛打破傳

11:42

s曲線動態所以在這張圖表

11:44

11:45

你看到的是傳統的 S

11:49

你甚至在很早的時候就看到

11:51

高增長

11:52

同比下

11:55

每年都在增長,所以它達到了 140

11:57

138 135

12:00

隨著電動汽車的銷售,他們已

12:02

2013 年的 60

12:06

現在他們是 112

12:08

2021 年,原因

12:11

我們在上面看到了分層的 s

12:13

彼此作為新的電動汽

12:16

輸入不同的價格段

12:18

它即將進入高端市

12:20

開始採用曲線然後

12:22

買了便宜的

12:23

更多中

12:25

它開始了採用曲

12:27

它導致了巨大

12:29

加速增

12:31

12:32

總而言之,你知道如

12:34

傳統汽車製造商可以駕

12:36

從汽油車轉

12:40

對於電動,我們認為電動汽車的銷售可

12:43

480 萬增加八

12:46

在未來五年內達到 4000

12:49

這是 53 的複合年增長

12:52

將是 1.2 萬億美

12:56

2026 年的收入機會。呃其中之

12:59

我會留給你的最後一件

13:02

這是一個有趣的動

13:03

我們看

13:05

是鄰里的出

13:06

電動汽車等

13:08

設計不適合行駛的車

13:10

他們非常的高速公

13:12

便

13:14

而且他們的增長速度非常

13:16

所以在中國有一輛迷你電動

13:20

5% 的份

13:22

電池電動汽車市

13:24

到去年的百分之

13:27

我們認為這些將繼

13:28

起飛並可能成為重要組成部

13:30

在這 4000 萬台

13:33

所以這就

13:34

電動車部分我希望

13:36

享受研

13:38

一如既往,您可以在推特上聯繫我

13:40

並在 arc 查看更多研

13:42

dashingbest.com

13:58

 

 

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