"貓奴" 的生活札記: Tesla Owners Silicon Valley : Elon Musk on the Early Days of Tesla: Interview Part 1

2022年7月9日星期六

Tesla Owners Silicon Valley : Elon Musk on the Early Days of Tesla: Interview Part 1

http://creating-cashflow.blogspot.com/2022/06/blog-post.html

看見 Ricky介紹的ELON MUSK 精彩訪問, 找來中英文 transcript, 可以快速看到內容。

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeeeEDSekG8

0:04

fundamental model where you've got like 10 000 unique things and you need to batch 10 000.

0:12

not 99999 yep ten thousand home run every time yes and whoever is the least lucky and i

0:18

was emphasized like unlucky like could be like a train derailed or there was a blizzard there was a you know there was

0:24

uh a wildfire the utility shut down the there were you know there was you name

0:30

it the revolutions there's there's a you know water shut down for some random reason

0:36

um you know drug gang shoot out we had that one time oh my goodness yeah really a truck got impounded by a

0:43

it was like near the shootout oh wow we're shut down oh wow happened several years ago it shut down all this

0:49

production for three days oh um because like the truck got impounded on like a friday and then the da wasn't open and i

0:56

think ground yard was not open until monday any workers literally

1:01

like we need out and it was just carpet for the model s trunk we can't like ship people

1:06

you know cars in their carpet in the trunk yeah it looks weird because you see the you know all the the body stuff it looks

1:13

it looks not okay i've pulled it out before it it would be rough if that was what you got a delivery yeah we might exactly

1:19

complain yeah so so we can you know we have to wait until we get the

1:24

truck back from the you know

1:30

do you have their numbers that's not something i could probably be shared but hearing that now what an incredible story i mean honestly if this i

1:37

there's so many different reasons that you could possibly imagine um yeah you must have a lot of stories like that too

1:42

yeah earlier the full list of all the reasons for supply chain interruptions or internal issues um is

1:50

comedically long i think you know well i just wanted to take a moment and

1:55

kind of step back so the reason we're here right is because of the early days of tesla right there's a lot of

2:01

misinformation yeah um and i know you and i have kind of gone back a little bit over that and so i thought you know

2:07

this is the time to just potentially set some of the misinformation straight and really just

2:13

kind of kind of let you speak on how things happen during those days and so i

2:18

wanted to step back and just really what gave you the vision first off uh to even step into electric vehicles i think

2:26

you made a comment one time you were on a date or something like that yes girl like she wasn't sure was the day to be

2:31

frank when i was actually with christy

2:37

nicholson who's a writer for scientific american um and i guess it was like sort of a sammy date i don't know uh

2:44

we went out to dinner i guess so and i was talking about electric cars a lot because i think i was like 20 years old

2:50

um and um yes i asked some question like do you think about electric cars she's like no

2:55

i don't think about them at all i said i think about them a lot [Laughter] so did was there more questions after

3:02

that or was that uh that was the end of the day no i mean um

3:07

he was still friends today actually i think she's coming by austin in a few months okay um so i've been thinking about uh electric

3:14

cars since ours basically in high school um you know it's just kind of the thing

3:21

that is like the the thing that is sort of the kind of the way cars should be if you can

3:27

just solve range yeah um so it's not like if you think about like an internal combustion engine

3:32

car um it requires a battery and a starter motor just to get started so it requires

3:37

an electric motor and a battery just to get started yeah and then there's this incredible kind of

3:43

roof go bug contraption that all has to work in order for you to get motion

3:49

uh and then most of what you what you're producing with fuel is heat so you got to get rid of the heat

3:54

and then you've got to process the toxic gases and and uh you know there's a limit to how well you can process the

4:00

toxic gases so um it's it's sort of an odd uh

4:06

an odd thing the eternal russian car and people look back on on on the internal combustion car era as as a strange time

4:14

yeah um quaint queen yeah quaint and um quaint and and just weird basically um

4:22

so you know sort of we look back on the external combustion era of steam engines

4:28

as quaint you know this big steam engine chuffing and shoveling the coal and stuff and you're like well you wouldn't

4:33

really get around like that today yeah you know it's sort of like more of a niche thing in a

4:39

you know some amusement park or you know trip down memory lane situation but but like

4:45

you it would be like weird if you're like shoveling coal into today's world

4:51

yeah shoveling cold cold coal into an external combustion steam engine to get around i mean it'd be like well that's

4:57

pretty weird and that's how they will view the future will view

5:02

internal combustion the same way external combustion is viewed

5:08

so the issue really the only thing holding electric cars back was range and and um the fundamentals of energy

5:15

density uh determined to mean that um if you have a lead acid based battery

5:21

based car um your range is optimistically going to it's going to be

5:27

like maybe 70 miles 80 miles if you really are quite good um

5:32

then uh if you get if you go to something like nickel metal hydride you've got twice the energy density

5:39

so that's going to give you with the same massive pack somewhere around maybe 160 miles

5:46

and then if you go to lithium-ion and there's many varieties of lithium ion lithium ion is an

5:53

incredibly broad description um but without having to go to a super advanced lithium ion you can get to a 300 mile

5:59

range pack yeah with the same weight so you're gonna get uh roughly four four times the energy

6:06

density of of lead acid uh five if you go to advanced uh

6:12

lithium ion and as you go to more advanced lithium ions more refinement the costs goes up to further refinance that correct

6:19

uh yeah so the the difficulty of getting to it as you get to a high energy density

6:26

um a lithium ion you need to change the anode

6:32

to silicon so you get a dramatic increase in energy

6:38

density as you switch the anode to silicon the problem with silicon is that it expands and contracts a lot

6:45

during during charge and discharge so and in that expansion and contraction uh

6:51

it wants to kind of crumble and so uh like mud cracks essentially

6:57

is one way to think about it yeah um so the problem with a pure silicon anode

7:04

is that it's very difficult to have it uh stay together uh which when

7:09

you charge and discharge it so then one of the things you can do is to add silicon to the carbon

7:15

in the in the typical anode so a car carbon uh just just has only very minor expansion contraction

7:22

um so it's easy to maintain a carbon anode

7:27

and have its structure be robust across many charge cycles and then you can throw a little bit of

7:33

silicon in there and the silicon can kind of expand and contract inside the carbon matrix

7:38

but as you start adding more silicon it gets harder and harder to maintain um

7:44

the structure of the anode yeah yeah um

7:50

so our our highest energy density cells will use um

7:56

like ninety percent carbon maybe ten percent silicon or something like that okay it's

8:01

a small percentage it's a small percentage um and the the silicon

8:07

you will have a but a bit more early life degradation in range with silicon so

8:13

uh it's it just it does it does get harder there there are much higher energy density

8:19

cells you can get uh where if you have very precise

8:24

construction of the anode like with like a c chemical paper deposition type process

8:30

and you sort of print it almost like a circuit board situation uh such that the expansion can it can

8:35

expand and contract uh without cracking uh then uh you can get to

8:41

like 50 higher energy density than we have in our cars but that is still that's very expensive yeah so it might

8:47

be suitable for long-range aircraft but it would not be economically feasible for cars

8:54

yeah so so basically the that situation um that's that's really the only thing

9:00

holding back electric cars yeah is range um so um

9:08

so the the what i was going to be studying um at stanford for grad studies there was

9:15

i'd be primarily in the material science uh group um the

9:20

uh boldnecks would have would have been my professor uh he's the last he's the guy i spoke to and i said uh

9:25

that i would uh i'd like to put my studies on hold but

9:30

but i will probably fail so uh i'll please come back if if i fail or when i fail um

9:36

and he's like sure but i don't think i'm gonna hear from you again and that was the last conversation i had with bill nix

9:42

oh wow he was an article yeah you know he knew yes yeah well

9:47

um but that's essentially what i was going to be starting at stanford uh this is uh back in 95

9:52

um was uh how to improve the energy density of

9:58

how to solve the energy density problem for electric vehicles oh great yeah so the

10:04

it's so like i'm not so i'm like johnny come lately to electric vehicles point is that uh i was thinking about electric

10:09

vehicles like all the way back to high school you know yeah uh

10:15

like literally talking about it on dates at age 20 uh you know so i've been like a electric

10:20

vehicle uh you know proponent for since like i was

10:26

you know a teenager basically yeah so uh and that's what i was going to be starting at stanford it's like how to

10:32

how to make the cars go go far enough that you don't on a some energy storage system that you

10:38

don't need uh batteries so the idea that i actually had at stanford was uh which i think some some others

10:44

were trying to pursue at this point but it isn't necessary uh was to use uh

10:50

advanced chip making equipment to develop a solid-state capacitor with enough energy density to uh get

10:58

250 miles of range in a car so uh and an idea was that if if you can

11:04

piggyback on the process on advanced chip making processes whether it's like tens of billions of dollars of r d being

11:12

spent every year to have uh to make chips that are precise at the molecular level then maybe you can make a capacitor

11:19

where you've got enough surface to volume ratio and you you can uh

11:25

stop it stop the uh the electrons from tunneling across if you make the you know if the

11:30

sort of insulator uh too thin that you you'll you'll you'll actually like quantum mechanics will

11:38

make them teleport across which is you know so it's it's not like uh

11:43

things get weird at a molecular scale yeah the quantum mechanics very weird it's like like my quantum mechanics

11:48

course in physics uh in final year was harder than all of my other courses combined

11:53

wow so it's like it's intense what's your outlook on solids that you do you think it'll ever get figured out

12:01

well the sausage capacitors yeah um i think it's possible to make capacitors that are much better than

12:06

what we have right now um so um

12:22

and and actually i think i don't use the word graphene because it's used in context so often but uh

12:28

graphene may be an interesting um to present an interesting avenue into

12:34

uh creating a high energy density capacitor so

12:40

like if that's that that could you'd have to have a lot of layers um

12:47

and and what you need is like something that is extremely uh resistant to electrons jumping

12:54

the gap so you need a great conductive but also like effectively

12:59

uh is something that will basically drop the probability of

13:06

a an electron jumping the uh insulator to a low number

13:12

it will still they're not going to be zero but it needs to be low number otherwise your leakage current is going to be too too high let's just start with

13:17

small problems like teleporting electrons yeah when electrons are done like so this

13:22

the world is crazy at a at a molecular scale the world is cr just like if you cannot apply your

13:28

normal intuition so i think it gets super weird um distance is what i've heard it called

13:34

very very well it's incredibly predictable from a probability standpoint the

13:41

uh quantum mechanics has unbelievable predictability um you just have to believe what what it

13:47

tells you even though what it tells you it doesn't sound seem to make sense in a macro scale but anyway i think that there's an

13:53

opportunity to i think that out there to have a very high energy density capacitor

13:58

but that was the idea that i was that's the idea that i had back then but that's not to say that idea would have

14:03

succeeded um the thing i could have found out after several years was i could have added some knowledge like some leaves to the

14:10

tree of knowledge only to and get phd but not uh but uh actually not prac not

14:17

practical after all that something learned that this this branch ended here yeah yeah so like

14:23

like one of the possible outcomes a strong possibility would be uh yeah you spent all this time uh this is this is

14:30

not technically something that would work but it is uh commercially uh

14:35

uh not feasible uh and uh at a waste of time yeah and that and that that would suck basically so i

14:42

figured that i could always so that's why i started decided in 95 to uh work

14:48

on the internet um yeah so like when i was in college i wanted to i was trying to think of like what uh

14:56

other things that would most affect the future of humanity yeah obviously you pursued multiple

15:02

of those like choices right what would you say like when you first joined tesla like everyone thinks that you weren't

15:09

the founder of you know everyone tries to correct you on that he didn't found it like what did it actually consist of

15:15

right because i think a lot of people just think that someone else started it you join later and whatever but obviously that's

15:21

not true so that that is not true the reason people i think that is because everhart has has

15:27

engaged in a non-stop campaign to to try to uh effectively gain sole credit for tesla for himself and he's the worst

15:34

person i have ever worked with and that is saying something okay i've worked with some real okay so for somebody to be the worst

15:40

person i have ever worked with by far yeah that's not easy that's what i'm

15:46

saying so uh the the actual origin of tesla uh

15:52

goes to 2000 uh 2003 when i had lunch with jv

15:58

uh in el segundo and we got to talking about electric cars and jv said

16:04

uh hey have you tried the ac propulsion t0 i said no uh

16:10

but we talked about battery technology and how the lithium ion would enable a long finally enable a long range car i

16:17

never heard of eberhardt at this point no never heard of them so then um i got it i got a

16:25

test drive from ac pulse and t0 and i was like wow okay this is this is

16:31

pretty cool um so at first i was like well can you guys just make me a t-zero i'll i'll buy one from you and they

16:36

didn't they didn't want to make another one uh so i was like okay and i said you guys should really

16:42

commercialize the t0 because t0 had all the properties that we later had in the roadster you know sort of like 250 mile

16:48

range zero to 60 under four seconds or roughly four seconds um

16:54

and um it was a two-door well didn't have doors admittedly the t zero um but

16:59

it it it looks you can see a resemblance between the t0 and the roadster it's a small basically a small electric sports

17:05

car and so i was trying to convince uh

17:11

the the guys there um to

17:16

to to like commercialize the teaser it's like like hey the world needs to see that that is possible to have a viable

17:22

electric car um and um at the time i was obviously very much

17:29

uh you know working crazy hours at spacex trying to get a rocket to orbit and we've not yet

17:35

restored it so we would not reach over it for until 2008 for spacex

17:42

so anyway so then uh um i kept hounding

17:48

ac propulsion to uh commercialize the t0

17:54

uh and then weirdly they they wanted to uh not do the t0 but uh

18:00

how to do an electric toyota scion like i guess truth is stranger than fiction so i'm like guys

18:06

with hamsters dancing too i mean the thing is like the

18:11

uh the batteries in powertrain at low volume are going to be very expensive and you know so like no matter what you'd

18:18

have to have like maybe uh a 70 or 80 thousand dollar electric scion

18:23

or you could have argument's sake a hundred thousand dollar electric sports car

18:28

and people are willing to pay a hundred thousand dollars for an electric sports car but they are not willing to pay let's say eighty thousand like you'd

18:33

only save a small amount uh uh because the the

18:38

battery pack and electric power train overwhelmingly what was expensive um but i even said let's listen if you

18:44

guys actually want to do an electric scion i will fund ten percent of it because you have to find

18:50

other people who will find that fund the other ninety percent uh and the only people who are willing to do 10 cent

18:56

with me and sergey brin and so so then that project sold

19:01

um so then i so then i sent uh uh

19:07

i talked tom gage uh at an email saying like listen uh if you guys are sure that

19:12

you don't want to commercialize the t0 how about if you let me do that so i was like i want to

19:18

let me i'm going to start a company to commercialize the t0 so uh then then dan said well if you're

19:24

interested in commercializing teaser he knows two other groups that are also interested in doing it

19:29

and and would you like to would i like to meet them uh i never met the second group uh but the first group i met was uh

19:36

uh eberhard tarponing and wright now everhart keeps trying to erase uh ian

19:42

wright from history as well because they they hate each other so uh so it's so but all they had uh was it

19:49

was just basically the plan was commercialized they had there were no no employees there were no offices there was no ip

19:57

there was no nothing literally nothing there was no nothing you would call a company

20:04

you said like where is the company i i don't know where is it there was an empty shell corporation

20:10

that had zero value uh and no employees no offices

20:15

no designs no intellectual property no nothing uh except the general idea basically of

20:23

commercializing the t0 which i had before meeting them uh

20:28

like if i had not met them i would have just gone move forward created a company with jb yeah commercialized at t zero

20:34

yeah and gone our way and that's actually what happened at the end of the day oh my gosh

20:39

except with a lot of grief along the way yeah okay so uh but in effect uh

20:48

after about a year uh eberhard mark one hot and and ian wright

20:54

uh uh could not stand each other and they they made me pick which one uh would

21:00

leave basically they can't both be in the same company so uh i have to pick one of them and then i

21:06

talked to jb and i was like which is the let's tell at least bad option here yeah

21:11

and uh it was like okay we'll we'll say goodbye to it to in right and and keep

21:16

mark and martin i mean um so [Music] uh

21:23

but anyway like the the key i think the key point here is when somebody says like you're invested in a company it's

21:29

the the money that i provided was the least important thing that i provided to the company there was no company

21:35

and if i had not uh met them i would have just moved forward and created tesla and i think it would be indistinguishable from what it is today

21:41

you would not be able to tell the difference i think we could have avoided a lot of drama as well in the early days

21:48

so um

21:53

yeah um i i would like if there's one thing i could go back in time and say i wish i

21:58

had never met martin everhard so if he could go back he's the absolute worst yeah in case i haven't made that

22:05

clear yeah the worst the worst may i don't ever he's like yes

22:12

may i ask i know kelvin is someone who claims credit for things he didn't do

22:17

uh and is uh obnoxious about it yeah so

22:23

clearly if you had a time machine you can go back in time and not work with him yes fantastic yeah exactly that

22:28

would of course i saved a tremendous amount of anguish yeah and then just partnered up with jb uh you know the name tesla and the logo

22:35

means so much to so many of the fans of the cars so uh

22:41

help us understand who came up with the name tesla and what were some of the alternatives and would tesla be called

22:46

tesla had you and jb broke out together and not met

22:51

martin so the tesla motors which is what is called at the time um was the trademark

22:57

was actually held by a guy i think who lived in around sacramento or something uh and he so the with the trademark

23:03

tells him tesla motors was uh like said owned by someone we'd uh not us

23:09

uh so the uh uh in the beginning it actually seemed like we would not be able to use uh

23:16

steve selleck who came up with the tesla motors the guy that we bought the trademark from that guy um

23:23

there's nothing to come up with he trademarked it okay so uh

23:28

and we could not he would not respond to anyone uh any contact so then finally uh i sent uh

23:39

mock topping who is this although he's martin's best friend is uh still a super nice guy

23:45

uh and uh so i sent uh mark hoppening to sit on the guy's doorstep and not leave

23:53

until we got the tesla motors trademark so that's who came up with that i forget

23:58

his name but uh it's in the it's in the trademark you can look up the trademark history um

24:03

that's who came up with tesla motors that guy but you like the name so much that you insisted that yeah you sent mark to sit

24:10

on his doorstep right so yeah and which i think you paid 75 000 dollars for the

24:16

trademark which was a lot at that time yeah sure um so and i think it's also maybe important to emphasize like uh

24:23

you know uh martin everhart is quite a bit older than me and had successful startups before me and had a had a lot

24:29

of money he was just unwilling to risk it he was not poor he had a 10 million dollar house in woodside

24:36

okay he was just unwilling to risk his own money i was not i was willing to risk my own money and then i arrested all so

24:43

just important to upsize this is not like some poor inventor who gets crushed by big

24:48

capitalist which is the archetype that he tries to portray he had uh

24:54

he could have matched my investment uh if he wanted to he just didn't want to

24:59

at what point you know through that right um did you start to see the red flags right so you join with him

25:06

he's on board where's like i didn't well i convinced jb to join yeah so the the

25:12

ultimate path that i wish we had gone on was is was just if if ac repulsion hadn't mentioned uh that there were two

25:19

other teams interested in commercializing the t0 then i would have just moved forward as jb commercialized t0 with a whole a hell of a lot less

25:25

drama um that's the that's the path that i wish had occurred um the the

25:32

the the moral error that i made here is uh it is that i wanted to have my cake and

25:37

eat it too uh so i wanted to like i was like okay i want to i need to do spacex but i also really

25:43

want to do an electric car company how can i have my cake and eat it too yeah so it's like okay if i have someone else

25:50

run the car company and i will just be responsible for the like overall sort of technology and design

25:57

like the product side of things like the thing that i enjoy doing is the product side of things not um not being the boss i don't like being

26:02

the boss at all but i like engineering and design problems so

26:08

um so so that that that so i thought okay i'll just work on the stuff that i like doing which is product design and uh

26:17

then someone else can be ceo and deal with all the chores of being a ceo now this unfortunately does not work no

26:23

because you had a ceo in place it didn't work out well no it yeah

26:30

um yeah things finally came to a head in

26:37

um in mid-2007 where uh

26:44

martin just flat out lied to me about the cost and readiness of the car and i actually gave an opportunity i

26:51

said okay so i said mark martin what what what is the what is the the cost of goods of the car like how much is it

26:57

like where we're trying what are we tracking to and uh and and is it above the price that we

27:03

are charging um and i actually knew the answer uh because an investor had joined uh who

27:09

had done who had ordered the class and and that that investor uh

27:14

told me like hey hey man the numbers he's adding up for the best case long-term cost of the roadster is 180

27:22

000 i think we were like selling it for 85 thousand dollars

27:27

yeah so that's that's like huge uh yeah you can make it up on volume yeah

27:38

so basically the i was like well this is extremely messed up and he also said that uh like about the the

27:45

the sort of new investor came in i said um that about a third of the car is

27:51

works about a third of the car is super late and a third of it will never work at all oh i'm like okay this is pretty bad

27:56

so i called martin's like martin what's the cost of the car they said he didn't know so like okay he's flat out lying to me

28:03

um because i asked how did you tell martin this and he said yes i told him on this so when i then called martin

28:09

said uh what's cost the car one oh i don't know are you

28:14

sure and and that when he did both place lied to me i was like that's it you know he can't be ceo anymore so he had a

28:21

board meeting and we fired him uh unanimously including the people that he had appointed to the board

28:27

wow uh and uh at the time at the time we did not know the full extent of the

28:33

situation so we kept him on like he was not he was in in the company but but fired as of july of 2007

28:41

uh and then um i still didn't want to be ceo of the company so i got like um

28:48

an interim ceo um but i was effectively it's fair to say i was de

28:55

facto ceo from july 2007 because in bringing an interim ceo this interim ceo

29:02

did not know anything about cars so i had to basically increase my time allocation to

29:07

tesla and help figure out help the new ceo figure things out um

29:13

and this is all happening uh as we're progressing into 2008

29:19

uh and and it i mean i so badly didn't want to be ceo

29:24

like like to be clear i could have been ceo from day one like i it's not like i was like

29:30

uh i like majority ownership on day one yeah yeah because i'm now ceo if i wanted to

29:36

be ceo i could have just made myself a ceo anytime i want there's no need for any machinations or machiavellian

29:42

anything i just could say i bought me ceo in the story um yeah so it's because i was trying to

29:50

not be the ceo uh that things became problematic yeah um

29:55

so uh we had an interim ceo for a few months and then we did a ceo search uh in 2007 and the

30:02

only person who was willing to say yes was with zev drawing and if you guys remember anything about

30:08

sir troy all right joseph is um

30:15

i like zev actually uh let's just say like he he is fearless

30:21

um so the the only one who would the only person who would agree to be ceo of tesla was a guy who spent three years in

30:28

the israeli paratroopers and was afraid of nothing so

30:33

so is it joined the ceo um but but he from a personality standpoint

30:41

uh his personality did not mesh well with the rest of the team so

30:47

um after about six months of of zev being ceo and me being de facto co-ceo because

30:54

again he didn't know anything about electric cars really he was the technology guy from the trip

31:00

industry um uh the the team kind of

31:05

had a revolt basically they said look if if um

31:12

if zev is going to continue to be the ceo we're all going to leave so that so they were like i was like

31:17

okay then i i was like can you guys at least hang on for us to complete a financing round uh

31:24

so because this is mid-2008 like july 2008 like we just

31:30

needed completed financing round can you just you know tough it out through through then

31:35

and they're like okay we'll tough it out for a few more months um and then we tried raising money and

31:41

basically summer of of 2008 and we got term sheets but the market started falling off a cliff

31:48

around september uh of 2008. so the term sheets never never turn into

31:54

actual agreements um to uh invest and then a bunch of the investors who

32:00

were thinking about investing in tesla themselves went bankrupt so it's not like you know

32:06

they're holding out on us they they themselves were just trying to figure out how not to go bankrupt yeah lemon brothers and

32:12

bear stearns you know bite the dust um and and a bunch of the major banks

32:17

would would have been the dust too if there was not government intervention um so

32:22

anyway and goldman was leading the round uh so uh it you know it became clear around

32:29

september of of 2008 that the no round was going to happen right um the markets

32:35

were plunging um [Music] and then i i i told zer like serve um

32:42

i'm gonna have to put in everything i've got all the money i've got left uh so that means i i have to be ceo i've

32:49

gotta you know putting all my chips on the table um and zev said i totally understand um

32:56

so then i was like okay so to like technically i was ceo from like mid-2007

33:03

uh he said like you know officially ceo in like late

33:08

2008. man that was a lot of drama that was a

33:15

nightmare year um so like

33:20

like part way through that year spacex had failed its third launch and i i only ever thought we had enough

33:28

money for three launches so so like we're like zero for three

33:33

launches with spacex um my marriage felt falling apart so i'm getting divorced

33:40

uh the tales of financing rounds falling apart and we're nowhere near production and we have the great recession

33:48

party on yeah good times doesn't get worse than that perfect

33:53

storm man yeah extremely brutal say the least uh the lowest of the lows

34:00

um so then

34:06

your help so can i ask one when you took over a ceo

34:12

this is a piece that a lot of people i don't think i've ever i've ever seen documented where was product development exactly like how far along was the

34:18

product in the making when you took it over because i think a lot of misconceptions people have this idea that you showed up to a done product

34:24

no i i i i was i i oversold the product from the beginning so

34:30

like i mentioned earlier the my my role is uh

34:35

effectively like chief product officer um so uh the thing that gets confusing is that

34:41

normally someone who's a chief product officer is not an investor so people get confused like which one are you that's

34:46

like i'm both and the money was the the you know the investment was the least important part um so uh it's just that i

34:54

believe if in putting your own capital ex at stake if you're going to uh start a company

35:00

like whatever the opposite of other people's money is i think is the morally right thing to do so

35:05

uh like if you're not prepared to invest your money then why should you ask others to invest theirs that's not right

35:11

that's why i invest uh and i for my first companies of two i had no money so i could not invest in zip two

35:18

that's why no i like starting zip two uh

35:24

just like when i put uh grad studies at stanford on hold in 95 um i had a hundred thousand dollars in

35:29

student debt and because i didn't start the uh start the standard quarter that means

35:34

that i didn't have access to student housing i lost my student stipend i yeah i mean like and i had like two

35:41

thousand dollars okay so uh and i heard like more than a hundred thousand dollars in student debt

35:46

and one computer so uh

35:51

and and that that that summer night five i wrote the first maps and directions uh and white pages and yelp pages uh uh

35:58

ever on the internet personally by myself it's insane yes it's insane

36:04

and they're like well what website did you use i don't use web server i just read the ports directly i don't have time to

36:10

move data between one process and another just read the port directly why do you need a server

36:16

3.8080 from solved [Laughter]

36:25

yeah but i didn't have any money so when my brother came down he had like five thousand dollars so that was like a gigantic improvement

36:31

the beckmans of two days uh we found like a a

36:37

like a sort of an attic sort of uh office uh where there was like a hole in the roof and watered like piled on the

36:43

floor and the rug was all stained um but i think it doesn't rain that often in california so

36:50

we got like a discount rug from nearby rug store and then got like uh two futons and they

36:57

would just like sleep in the office and uh and then remake it so it looked official during the day

37:04

and at one point we still only had one computer so like the website wouldn't work at night because i was coding at

37:10

night and the web server would run during the day uh and and the way we got internet

37:16

access was there was an isp on the floor below so uh i just i just ran

37:21

an ethernet cable through the ceiling drilled a hole in the floor ran it through the ceiling tiles and plugged it into the isp below

37:29

no they didn't know i didn't know yeah but there's like we'll give you a real cheap rate if you just plug in directly

37:35

so i didn't get like a permit or anything you know i just rolled the hole in the floor and took the

37:40

see the cable down and plugged it plugged it right in so it was like okay we don't need it buy a t1 or router or anything let's go

37:48

um so um then then with when our brother came

37:53

down we managed to get a second computer so then it could be like okay this one can run and i can code on the other one

37:59

um and uh yeah so this is like that was we didn't

38:04

even have an apartment we just basically got a shower at the ymca on on pagemail el camino um which was like you know pretty easy

38:11

to walk to so just give you a sense of like how little money we had in the beginning it was

38:17

like nothing yeah and i needed the jack in the box

38:22

if you know that jack in the box yeah but one thing i wanted to clear up was how did how did the journey of all the

38:29

founders like kind of taper so obviously everhard was fired yeah what happened

38:34

with jb and all the rest like how was like their journey and you know kind of their role even towards

38:42

so um yeah i mean i think it's like it'd be accurate to say that there are like five

38:47

uh co-founders of tesla you know um and and even though i just buy his money

38:52

hard he obviously would be one of those five um and ian wright should also be considered one of the five like since

38:58

the like who who was there uh you know when the company would basically had

39:03

nothing which was nothing um and and that's the five people now the the the people that were

39:10

like essential at the end of the day were jb and me so um they would not be a successful tesla otherwise they would

39:17

know it would never even have gone into production um and i think the evidence for this would be like hey we fired martin

39:24

um and gave him a bunch of money great start a car company he did he did try it did not succeed

39:32

yeah yeah so if you're so awesome why did it succeed and why did nobody leave with him

39:40

yeah if somebody's awesome so they leave good people leave with them every time

39:46

not one person left that's a tell right there yes of life companies and that team members follow

39:51

us along so if you can't do that as see chief executive when everyone knew you that's not a good sign when you did there yes

39:58

you're trying you're trying to figure out the truth or something who followed did no one follow okay

40:05

if i'm if he's a good guy and i'm the bad guy why they'll stay with me yeah yeah very clear exactly yeah um and

40:14

a top-notch engineer in silicon valley has like 17 job offers they can work anywhere

40:19

so if if they're not don't respect personally working for this will work somewhere else and frankly people could have

40:25

gotten way more money uh that than than tesla was offering uh you know and and with less risk

40:32

so it's like okay so they could get dr they'd go work at i don't know apple or something and

40:38

make more money with less risk and it didn't

40:44

and tesla today is and spacex are rated the top uh places to go by graduating

40:50

engineers yep why is that

40:57

yeah it's very clear yeah so um

41:04

yeah so like just to be crisp about the timeline the company or the people that

41:09

uh deserve credit for the concept of an electric sports car uh are ac propulsion yeah and the t zero

41:18

yeah um the uh the so so they deserve a lot of credit

41:25

um eberhard also will never mention that so this is also a bad sign

41:31

it's like if you it's like it came from whole cloth in his mind i'm like no no no

41:37

the t-zero yeah from ac propulsion uh tom gagen and alcoconi

41:43

made an electric sports car they used they took their idea and said let's commercialize it yes agreed

41:50

and independently i also thought let's commercialize it and allegedly there was some other team that also had the idea

41:56

let's commercialize the c0 because ac propulsion was not going to do it themselves so

42:03

um but from the beginning i oversaw the

42:09

product development in fact eberhard blames me for a bunch of the issues with the car uh

42:16

saying oh like the reason it was expensive was because elon insisted on all these things about the car and it's like okay so if i was

42:23

uh controlling the minutiae or the product design but i also had nothing to do with it

42:28

which one is it i can't be both i can't be blamed for micromanaging the

42:34

design of the car but also have nothing to do with it one of the two these are incompatible yep um

42:41

so i agonized over every inch of that car um

42:51

i mean at the the pasadena school of design gave me an honorary degree in

42:56

in because of my work on the roadster that is so that's how much i had to do with it a lot yeah um

43:05

um but the the issues the the the problems

43:11

with production i actually wrote a piece i don't know if you uh

43:17

like it's out there somewhere um early history of tesla like a blog piece

43:23

i don't know if you've seen it it's been a while i don't think i've seen it yeah you could probably you know

43:30

dredge it up from the wayback machine or something like that it's like the history of early history of tesla so i was trying to explain like

43:36

just in detail how messed up things were um so like like the like the core

43:44

product design for the car itself was i think you know compelling uh

43:49

but the uh business decisions around how to make it were at work which

43:56

ever had made were were terrible um among the many decisions that were insane were

44:02

outsourcing battery production to a barbecue factory in in thailand

44:09

yes so i'm sure they make great barbecues they didn't know how to make an advanced

44:15

lithium-ion battery pack oh my goodness it's not a factory though but hey it's factory yes

44:23

are we even sure if it was real right literally yeah so uh

44:28

so uh so like the cells be made in japan uh then be shipped to

44:34

thailand then be put into a battery pack then go on a boat again to uh england uh

44:40

to be put into a car and then uh that car would then go on a boat again to

44:45

california which is the initial market and that so it was like this it ended up being like a five or six month long supply chain so if there was any problem

44:52

with the sales of the pack you'd have basically half a year's worth of inventory that you have right off yeah and cars that didn't work which is

44:57

basically what what happened so the the barbecue company had was just utterly unable to make a

45:04

battery pack uh they've never done anything like it before um

45:09

the uh so much drama um

45:14

martin did not want to change the the motor size uh or power electronic

45:20

size from with the ac propulsion design which then therefore required uh having

45:26

a two speed transmission um there were three attempts to make a

45:33

two-speed transmission they all failed uh and i think on the order of ten million dollars was spent just trying to

45:39

make a two-speed transmission um

45:45

after we fired martin i said we're just gonna change the make the motor bigger and and the power electronics bigger and

45:51

get rid of the two speed and just have uh direct uh you know no transmission just a

45:58

direct drive need differential and an rpm reducer basically but you no longer have to have a clutch

46:04

uh so uh we just made the motor motor bigger power electronics got rather

46:10

transmission uh it's the nano transm no no transmission the normal sense of the word when we first for the very first

46:17

cars that went into production they still had that crappy two-speed transmission it was just stuck in first gear

46:22

so it had like top speed of like 65 miles an hour or something like that um

46:28

[Laughter] and and with some chance of seizing so

46:33

um so the yeah the the body panels have been uh

46:42

outsourced to a company that was completely unable to make uh carbon fiber body panels

46:48

um and was and and when i visited lotus i asked for their

46:54

top ten risks they said oh your body panel supplier is going to fail i'm like excuse me and this is like a friday i'm

46:59

like well let's go there right now it's like friday night um so we went to the body panel

47:05

thing and just like the tools were just the wrong they were all wrong they didn't fit like the

47:11

uh any given body panel had to be basically hand hand hand massaged as i sort of

47:16

like make it in the tool and then it'll be wrong the tool was wrong and the process was wrong so then you had to

47:21

basically hand craft each body panel in order to to make it vaguely fit and even

47:26

after that uh the body panel gaps were so bad with the trunk you could literally put your thumb between the the

47:33

in the gap it was like messed up beyond belief um

47:38

and i was like wow okay these guys were have a zero percent chance of succeeding so then we had to transfer the body

47:43

panel uh production to this company sotera in france uh so then i ended up camping out in

47:49

france uh

47:55

for quite for a few months there um just just building new tools for the body we had

48:01

to retool the whole body um so zotero was capable of making

48:06

the body but uh but they but you still needed to retool the thing so we had to retool the entire

48:13

car body um so so let's see we so we changed the car

48:19

body the battery pack was uh i shifted production battery pack to

48:24

menlo park or two basically to the bay area um technically san callus i think at the time

48:30

um and switched final assembly to the the

48:36

the car dealership um on on el camino the ford car dealership

48:41

if you watch revenge of the electric car you can see some of these scenes um

48:47

um instead of having lotus it's like so we'd make the battery pack um

48:54

in san carlos uh and then um and and also make the motor power

48:59

electronics so i shipped basically i in-sourced production of the battery pack the motor and the electronics uh

49:07

internal to tesla so we could iterate quickly and and actually have figured out a design that worked

49:12

so like because design has to be safe reliable and not cost crazy money or doesn't matter

49:18

so yeah so body

49:26

car body motor power electronics transmission to a single speed

49:33

uh almost everything that changed in the car so we had to recapitalize the company

49:40

and it took you know about two years before we we could actually be in real production

49:46

like from mid 2007 to mid 2009

49:52

what was the original vision of the roadster though i mean you obviously had production issues but

49:59

you had an initial vision once you conceived it and i know retrospect you said you that was a mistake to use the

50:05

roadster body because there's so many compromises well the elise what do you mean yeah uh

50:10

yeah so the tesla was created with two two false assumptions uh what the

50:19

one false assumption was that you could use the ac propulsion drivetrain technology um

50:26

and and and that you you could take a lotus elise uh and easily modify that to

50:31

have an electric powertrain so essentially stuff the uh ac propulsion drivetrain into a lease

50:37

um have lotus do the production outsource everything just um i think martin's

50:43

thought the peak number of employees would be 35 like literally um

50:48

which this all sounds great especially coming at it from like a mostly software background took me at the time like

50:54

great sounds good you know unfortunately uh

51:00

neither of those panned out the ac propulsion technology was not viable in a production vehicle and they used a for

51:06

example analog um and analog power electronics you know so like the

51:12

depending upon what temperature it was uh you'd the car would either work or not work or certainly work very differently um

51:20

so we designed our own digital um powerpower electronics and uh

51:28

so the car would be consistent in how it performed um and uh

51:34

we ended up not using the ac propulsion motor design we increased the

51:39

we changed the motor design we ended up not using any any ac propulsion technology at all um so

51:48

um so so it's on that side things and then the problem with it with the elise is

51:54

that once you add a big battery pack to a car uh the the mass of the car is now like

52:00

40 percent heavier than a leaf so you invalidate the entire structural design of the elise

52:06

uh the battery pack wouldn't fit so we had to stretch the chassis the mass distribution is completely

52:12

different like yeah like i said old crash tests are invalidated all the structural design is invalidated

52:18

uh you have to it's you have to you're really essentially redesigning everything but but but are still

52:23

left with the constraints of an elise which is that it's a little too small so

52:28

that's an issue you couldn't even use the air conditioning system because air

52:34

conditioning was belt driven so we needed an electric air conditioning system so couldn't even use that

52:40

um so in the end the the car was like i think the car had

52:47

maybe four percent or five percent of parts in common with an elise

52:53

um it's nothing it basically it was it was worse than if we started from a clean sheet so sort of

52:58

like if you say like you have a particular home in mind but instead of building that home on a fresh piece of

53:04

ground take somebody else's home and stick what you want in it and then you you knock down everything except

53:11

one wall and the basement it's the other footprint and one wall and and uh

53:17

you know so you have to have like that that sort of and then you try to build your dream home

53:23

once but with with somebody else's foundation it's like not a good idea and more expensive than if you just did a

53:29

clean sheet yep so that was an issue

53:35

did you ever consider midway through it dropping the body entirely or was it just the capital sunk in already too

53:41

late of an option what do you mean by dropping the body i mean not using the elise at all and

53:47

uh yeah i i was like um at one point i told jv and i said i think we should not have we should not work with lotus and

53:53

we should do this about this directly and jv was like well you know we still we had no clue how to build a car it's

53:59

not like we're just coming out this from how do you build a car an idea you know how to learn so in theory uh

54:05

it's a car company has been around for like 50 years it should be you should have a lot of expertise

54:11

more so than someone who's never never built a car so

54:18

yeah but um

54:25

because uh lotus would have periodic financial difficulties uh when they would have

54:30

financial difficulties they would then uh turn the screws on tesla so uh because if you're sure at lotus and

54:38

you have a choice of uh let's go raise money or let's extract money

54:43

from tesla or they will extract money from tesla so they

54:48

extract a lot of money from from from tesla and we didn't have any choice uh it was not possible to to actually we

54:55

had no optionality we were stuck the only way to make the car was with with lotus so when they increased the price

55:00

on us was nothing we could do [Music] but anyway after after all that we

55:07

managed to get the cost of the car down from

55:13

where it was previously headed of 180 000 to i think around 80 000

55:20

um by roughly mid 2009

55:26

but by redesigning and and and re doing basically the entire supply chain

55:32

you know with very few exceptions um it was like insanely hard uh to to get the cost of the car

55:39

uh below the price and then we and then we increased the price of the car um

55:44

and i think we had like an average selling price of around maybe 110 120

55:50

so we're able to get to like 25 cent margins but with with great difficulty

55:55

um but he'll actually difficult

56:02

no one can say teslas aren't appreciating assets the roadsters are still going for more than that today so

56:07

yeah yeah i know still quite a collection of original roadsters out there i was lucky enough to get my hands on 523. okay yeah

56:14

beautiful the electric blue the one you guys repainted for the owner because uh yeah he told me the story about that i

56:20

guess he backed into a parking lot somewhere somebody hit him and you guys repainted it for him it's beautiful it's

56:25

beautiful yeah we had some pretty wild colors in the beginning um because like the cars were just being made like one at a time so

56:32

it was you could you could make them be all kinds of interesting colors

56:37

we had a pretty vibrant orange color at one point um so

56:44

like the production was excruciatingly difficult i'm getting um from the first set from the first set of

56:50

tooling from that company that went bankrupt that uh

56:55

was completely unable to make car bodies uh we were able to extract five car bodies

57:01

uh and each of those car bodies required extensive uh hand modification in order to and still look like like

57:07

trash basically with giant body gaps and stuff um but there was only five

57:13

literally five yeah so the first uh five production roadsters

57:19

uh have the body from the old tooling

57:25

and and then uh that then we're able to transition to the sortier

57:31

uh yes it's so t uh ira print company um

57:37

switch to switch to bodies made with air tooling

57:42

and they did a great job actually um

57:47

i remember having to talk the the production team there um into

57:53

working a lot more than they would usually work i mean they're not that they're like they have

57:59

a good work ethic but they you know they they're like i was like

58:04

can you guys please not go on vacation because otherwise a company's going to die essentially with my speech in a

58:10

nutshell yeah and they were actually like okay we'll stay and we'll make the car buddies i

58:16

i they were kind enough to actually postpone their vacations and stuff and

58:22

uh and put in some serious hours to make the car buddies for tesla etc

58:27

that's cool so um

58:33

and scott tim watkins deserves a lot of credit as well to markets was essential to making that

58:39

work jb's role was critical he made it so that the batteries didn't catch on fire anymore right

58:45

yeah dave jb was like uh i mean jv um

58:51

andrew baklino um i mean there and there were a number of

58:58

really top-notch people there that solved the problem i mean

59:03

it's not that the batteries wouldn't catch on fire it's just that if i saw a corner on fire that it would not go into thermal runaway and domino the other

59:08

cells so the

59:15

i mean in order for that to happen we had to have liquid cooling to keep the cell temperatures uh even

59:21

um and then you've got a tough uh problem where you want something to be thermally conductive but electrically

59:27

isolated so you know this is these things normally go together if something is uh

59:32

thermally conductive it is it is uh electrically conductive as well

59:37

um so um trying to try to find some material uh to

59:44

still cool cool or heat the batteries of the cells uh but but not create a short it was

59:50

quite difficult and then the the early packs for the roadster were um we did not have we did

59:57

not scale up the we did not have a way the

1:00:02

um cooling tube so we just had a straight a straight cooling tube so that it wasn't much contact

1:00:08

um between the cells and the the cooling tube um anyway we made it work basically um

1:00:16

without too much without too much drama um but it required a lot of iteration

1:00:21

and making the battery packs ourselves uh in the bay area the most expensive place to build a car

1:00:30

i feel like a very expensive place to build a car but but actually uh cheaper than if that if it's outsourced to a

1:00:36

barbecue company in thailand [Laughter] because it actually works um

1:00:43

so you know initial designs for the pack were uh extremely wrong

1:00:49

because it also has to be okay you know in an accident um

1:00:56

so you know it can't just you know just go your robust to an accident as well so

1:01:03

during any point of those early days like was obviously bankruptcy was kind of almost knocking at the door

1:01:10

was there a bankruptcy actually technically was knocked at the door um uh in like 2008 but not before then okay

1:01:18

because i i had like money from paypal it's just when i started running out of money from paypal and the markets went

1:01:24

to you know went into a recession that's when bankruptcy was knocking the door so it was more like um

1:01:31

you know in 2008 okay from 2008 through

1:01:37

2012 bankruptcy was knocking at the door okay frequently

1:01:42

just standing out there looking hopefully it wasn't a special person

1:01:48

but david did it cross your mind at any point to

1:01:54

just say this is a bad idea i just need to i don't know focus on spacex or something else

1:02:01

um during those even four years yeah i had it i mean one of the toughest decisions i ever had

1:02:07

to make was in 2008 um i could i think it had like

1:02:15

40 million dollars left or something from uh from the paypal sale

1:02:20

and i i could have it's like okay i can put at all on spacex or all on tesla

1:02:28

and increase probably either one words five or i could split split you know and and then it's

1:02:35

like but to me like the kit the company is like kids you know it's like it's not like just a company to me so

1:02:41

it's sort of like if you got two kids like how could you really say okay we're gonna let one kid starve you know so

1:02:47

i was like can bring myself to say i'm gonna you know definitely that company's gonna die definitely that company can die so i

1:02:53

ended up splitting the money and and and gave the 20 million dollars to 1020 million to

1:03:00

spacex but that could have ended up being a super dumb decision and both companies could have gone bankrupt as a result

1:03:07

so at the time i was like man this would really suck if if both companies go bankrupt because i kind of split split

1:03:13

the meal you know

1:03:18

but then fortunately the fourth launch of spacex reached orbit if that fourth launch had failed spacex would be dead

1:03:24

for sure um and then we closed the tesla financing

1:03:30

round on the last hour of the last day that was possible which was 6 p.m december

1:03:36

24th 2008. um crazy crazy

1:03:41

um and the only people who would invest were a subset of the existing investors into in tesla

1:03:48

so um you know so that was um

1:03:55

you know uh and uh yeah i was like

1:04:01

antonio crossus our aaron price steve davidson

1:04:07

i think there might have been a few others but but those are three main ones and um

1:04:15

and then advantage point who's the worst venture capitalist on the face of this earth uh

1:04:20

and alan salzman who's this second only to martin overheard in douchebag douchebaggery

1:04:27

he actually wanted tesla to go bankrupt so he could recap the company and and literally that was his strategy

1:04:34

what a douche um anyway they refused to um allow inequity

1:04:39

like we try to do an equity round they block the equity rounds so then the only way to get the because the salesman and

1:04:46

vantage point little known fact wanted to deliberately tried to bankrupt tesla in december of 2008.

1:04:53

uh with their nefarious plan being it would go bankrupt then they would zero out the equity and recap the

1:04:59

company and own the whole thing pretty evil yeah yeah but evil but also dumb um because like once a call company

1:05:06

goes bankrupt you lose confidence with the customers and like people like well this company went bankrupt and the suppliers are like uh this car doing

1:05:12

bankrupt i don't want to buy you parts yeah so so they're an afford nefarious plot would failed um

1:05:18

but anyway so but but the the the good investors

1:05:24

uh agreed to match uh the the 20 mi 20 million so then tesla would have 40 million dollars

1:05:30

so that's but but because it cannot be an equity round it had to be a debt convertible to equity

1:05:36

round because vantage point had blocking rights on equity yeah this is like some you know

1:05:42

deep lore basically um and that that actually was very difficult for the venture investors

1:05:49

because their uh the terms of their of their investment was like they were not debt investors they're

1:05:55

equity investors so they have to actually go to their to their partners to get an exception for tesla to say

1:06:01

this is debt convertible to equity and it only is convertible to equity if at some point in the future vantage point

1:06:07

agrees that to allow it it's a tough position to invest it yes

1:06:12

especially while general motors and and chrysler are going bankrupt

1:06:19

um yeah i mean i try to raise outside money uh and people were angry that i even asked

1:06:25

like when i went a call to try to raise money for tesla like we got zero outside money in that

1:06:32

december 2008 uh because it's like so many companies were

1:06:38

going bankrupt they were just it was like no one like helena so we managed to get this like squeaked through with

1:06:44

a convertible debt round um that that basically just matched the the

1:06:51

money that i that i put in which is everything i had and then i had like zero money and not even have a house or

1:06:56

anything at the end of 2008 my ex-wife had the house

1:07:01

so i had like basically nothing and then i actually had to borrow money to pay rent and

1:07:07

stuff because like literally like zero if yeah

1:07:12

zero so uh and that that just got us six months basically

0:04

基本模型，你有大約 10 000 個獨特的東西，你需要批量處理 10 000 個。

0:12

不是 99999 是的，每次一萬個本壘打是的，誰最不幸運，我

0:18

被強調為不幸可能就像火車出軌或暴風雪有一個你知道有

0:24

呃，一場野火，實用程序關閉了，你知道那裡有你的名字

0:30

它是革命那裡有一個你知道水因某種隨機原因而關閉

0:36

嗯，你知道販毒團伙開槍，我們有過一次哦，天哪，真的，一輛卡車被一個

0:43

就像在槍戰附近哦哇我們被關閉了哦哇發生在幾年前它關閉了這一切

0:49

生產了三天哦，嗯，因為就像星期五一樣，卡車被扣押了，然後 da 沒有打開，我

0:56

認為地面院子直到星期一才開放任何工人字面上

1:01

就像我們需要出去一樣，它只是模型行李箱的地毯，我們不能喜歡運送人

1:06

你知道汽車在後備箱裡的地毯上是的，這看起來很奇怪，因為你看到你知道它看起來的所有身體東西

1:13

看起來不太好，我已經把它拉出來了，如果那是你收到的東西，那會很粗糙，是的，我們可能會

1:19

抱怨是的，所以我們可以讓你知道我們必須等到我們得到

1:24

從你知道的卡車回來

1:30

你有他們的號碼嗎？這不是我可能分享的東西，但現在聽說這是一個多麼令人難以置信的故事，如果我說實話，我的意思是

1:37

有很多不同的原因，你可以想像，嗯，是的，你也一定有很多這樣的故事

1:42

是的，早些時候供應鏈中斷或內部問題的所有原因的完整列表是

1:50

喜劇長我想你很清楚我只是想花點時間

1:55

有點退後，所以我們在這裡的原因是因為特斯拉的早期，有很多

2:01

錯誤信息是的，嗯，我認識你，我有點回過頭來，所以我以為你知道

2:07

現在是時候直接設置一些錯誤信息了

2:13

有點讓你談談那些日子裡的事情是如何發生的，所以我

2:18

想退後一步，真的是什麼讓你首先想到的是什至踏入電動汽車，我想

2:26

有一次你在約會或類似的事情上發表了評論，是的女孩，就像她不確定今天是

2:31

坦率地說，當我和克里斯蒂在一起的時候

2:37

尼科爾森，他是《科學美國人》的作家，嗯，我想這就像一個薩米約會，我不知道，呃

2:44

我們出去吃飯了，我想是的，我經常談論電動汽車，因為我想我就像 20 歲

2:50

嗯，嗯，是的，我問了一些問題，比如你對電動汽車有什麼看法，她不喜歡

2:55

我根本沒想過他們

3:02

那個或者那個，呃，那是一天的結束，不，我是說，嗯

3:07

他今天仍然是朋友，實際上我想她幾個月後會來奧斯汀，好吧，嗯，所以我一直在考慮呃電動

3:14

汽車，因為我們基本上是在高中，嗯，你知道這只是一種事情

3:21

如果可以的話，這就像汽車應該有的樣子

3:27

只是解決範圍是的，所以它不像你想像一個內燃機

3:32

汽車嗯，它需要一個電池和一個啟動馬達才能啟動，所以它需要

3:37

一個電動機和一個電池只是為了開始，是的，然後有這種令人難以置信的

3:43

屋頂去蟲子裝置，一切都必須工作才能讓你動起來

3:49

嗯，然後你用燃料產生的大部分是熱量，所以你必須擺脫熱量

3:54

然後你必須處理有毒氣體，你知道你處理有毒氣體的能力是有限度的

4:00

有毒氣體，所以嗯，這有點奇怪

4:06

奇怪的是，永恆的俄羅斯汽車和人們將內燃機汽車時代視為一個奇怪的時代

4:14

是的，嗯，古怪的女王，是的，古怪的，嗯，古怪的，而且很奇怪

4:22

所以你知道我們回顧蒸汽機的外燃時代

4:28

古怪的你知道這台大蒸汽機在咕嘟咕嘟地挖煤和鏟煤什麼的，你就像你不會

4:33

今天真的像那樣到處走走是的，你知道這更像是一個小眾的東西

4:39

你知道一些遊樂園，或者你知道沿著記憶車道旅行的情況，但喜歡

4:45

如果你像鏟煤到今天的世界，那會很奇怪

4:51

是的，將冷煤鏟到外燃蒸汽機中以繞過我的意思是這樣就好了

4:57

很奇怪，這就是他們看待未來的方式

5:02

內燃與外燃的看法相同

5:08

所以真正阻礙電動汽車的唯一問題是續航里程和能源的基本面

5:15

密度呃確定意味著呃如果你有一個鉛酸電池

5:21

基於汽車，嗯，你的範圍是樂觀的，它將是

5:27

如果你真的很好的話，可能是 70 英里 80 英里

5:32

那麼，如果你使用鎳金屬氫化物之類的東西，你就會得到兩倍的能量密度

5:39

所以這會讓你在大約 160 英里的地方擁有同樣大的背包

5:46

然後如果你去鋰離子，鋰離子有很多品種，鋰離子是一種

5:53

令人難以置信的廣泛描述，嗯，但不必去超級先進的鋰離子，你可以達到 300 英里

5:59

範圍包是的，重量相同，所以你會得到大約四四倍的能量

6:06

鉛酸的密度呃五如果你去高級呃

6:12

鋰離子，隨著您使用更先進的鋰離子更精細，成本會上升以進一步再融資

6:19

嗯，是的，所以當你達到高能量密度時很難做到

6:26

嗯鋰離子你需要換陽極

6:32

矽，因此您的能量會急劇增加

6:38

將陽極切換到矽時的密度矽的問題在於它會膨脹和收縮很多

6:45

在充電和放電的過程中這樣那樣那樣的膨脹和收縮uh

6:51

它想要有點崩潰，所以本質上就像泥裂縫

6:57

是一種思考方式是的，嗯，所以純矽陽極的問題

7:04

是很難擁有它 uh 呆在一起 uh which when

7:09

您對其進行充電和放電，因此您可以做的一件事就是將矽添加到碳中

7:15

在典型的陽極中，所以汽車碳呃只有非常小的膨脹收縮

7:22

嗯，所以很容易維護碳陽極

7:27

並使其結構在許多充電週期中保持穩健，然後你可以拋出一點點

7:33

那裡有矽，矽可以在碳基質內膨脹和收縮

7:38

但是當你開始添加更多的矽時，維護起來變得越來越困難

7:44

陽極的結構是啊是啊

7:50

所以我們最高能量密度的電池將使用 um

7:56

比如百分之九十的碳，或者百分之十的矽，或者類似的東西

8:01

一小部分，這是一小部分，嗯，矽

8:07

你會在矽的範圍內有更多的早期壽命退化，所以

8:13

呃，它只是它確實變得更難有更高的能量密度

8:19

如果你有非常精確的單元格，你可以得到呃哪裡

8:24

用類似交流化學紙沉積型工藝的陽極結構

8:30

你把它打印出來幾乎就像電路板的情況，呃，這樣擴展就可以了

8:35

擴展和收縮 uh 不開裂 uh 然後 uh 你可以到

8:41

比我們汽車中的能量密度高 50 倍，但這仍然非常昂貴，是的，所以它可能

8:47

適用於遠程飛機，但對汽車來說在經濟上不可行

8:54

是的，所以基本上那種情況，嗯，那真的是唯一的事情

9:00

阻止電動汽車是的範圍嗯所以嗯

9:08

所以我要在斯坦福大學攻讀研究生的內容是

9:15

我將主要在材料科學呃組

9:20

呃，boldnecks 本來會是我的教授

9:25

我會，呃，我想暫停我的學業，但是

9:30

但我可能會失敗，所以呃，如果我失敗或者失敗了，我會回來的

9:36

他很肯定，但我想我不會再收到你的消息了，那是我和比爾尼克斯的最後一次談話

9:42

哦，哇，他是一篇文章是的，你知道他知道是的，是的

9:47

嗯，但這基本上就是我在斯坦福大學的開始，呃，這是呃回到 95

9:52

嗯是呃如何提高能量密度

9:58

如何解決電動汽車的能量密度問題

10:04

這就像我不是這樣我就像約翰尼最近來到電動汽車點是呃我在考慮電動車

10:09

像一路回到高中的車輛你知道是啊呃

10:15

就像字面上在 20 歲時談論它一樣，你知道，所以我就像一個電動車

10:20

車輛呃你知道的支持者，因為就像我一樣

10:26

你知道一個少年基本上是的

10:32

如何讓汽車跑得足夠遠，以至於你不需要使用一些儲能係統

10:38

不需要呃電池，所以我在斯坦福的想法是呃，我認為其他一些

10:44

在這一點上試圖追求，但沒必要 uh 是使用 uh

10:50

先進的芯片製造設備來開發具有足夠能量密度的固態電容器

10:58

250 英里的汽車續航里程，嗯，一個想法是，如果可以的話

11:04

搭載先進的芯片製造工藝是否像數百億美元的研發一樣

11:12

每年都花在製造分子水平上精確的芯片然後也許你可以製造一個電容器

11:19

你有足夠的表面體積比，你可以呃

11:25

停止它阻止電子隧道穿過如果你讓你知道如果

11:30

有點像絕緣體呃太薄了

11:38

讓他們傳送到你知道的地方，所以它不像呃

11:43

事情在分子尺度上變得很奇怪是的量子力學很奇怪就像我的量子力學

11:48

呃最後一年的物理課比我所有其他課程的總和還要難

11:53

哇，這就像它很激烈你對固體的看法是什麼，你認為它會被弄清楚

12:01

好吧，香腸電容器是的，嗯，我認為可以製造比

12:06

我們現在擁有的

12:22

而且實際上我認為我不使用石墨烯這個詞，因為它經常在上下文中使用，但是呃

12:28

石墨烯可能是一個有趣的嗯，可以提供一個有趣的途徑

12:34

呃創造一個高能量密度的電容器所以

12:40

就像那樣的話，你可能必須有很多層，嗯

12:47

而且你需要的是對電子跳躍有極好的抵抗力的東西

12:54

差距所以你需要一個很好的導電但也很有效

12:59

呃是基本會降低概率的東西

13:06

a 一個電子將 uh 絕緣體跳到一個低值

13:12

它仍然不會為零，但它需要很小，否則你的洩漏電流會太高，讓我們開始吧

13:17

像傳送電子這樣的小問題是的，當電子像這樣完成時

13:22

世界在分子尺度上是瘋狂的，就像你不能應用你的

13:28

正常的直覺，所以我認為它變得非常奇怪，嗯，距離就是我所聽到的

13:34

非常非常好，從概率的角度來看，這是非常可預測的

13:41

嗯，量子力學具有令人難以置信的可預測性，嗯，你只需要相信它是什麼

13:47

告訴你，即使它告訴你的東西在宏觀範圍內聽起來似乎沒有意義，但無論如何我認為有一個

13:53

我認為有機會擁有一個非常高能量密度的電容器

13:58

但那是我當時的想法那是我當時的想法但這並不是說這個想法會

14:03

成功了嗯，幾年後我可以發現的事情是我可以添加一些知識，比如一些葉子到

14:10

知識之樹只能拿到博士學位，但不是呃但呃實際上不是實踐不是

14:17

畢竟，有些東西知道這個分支在這裡結束了，是的，是的，很像

14:23

就像可能的結果之一一樣，一個很大的可能性是呃，是的，你花了這麼多時間，呃，就是這樣

14:30

從技術上講不是可行的，但在商業上是呃

14:35

呃，不可行，呃，呃，浪費時間

14:42

認為我總是可以，所以這就是為什麼我在 95 年開始決定去工作

14:48

在互聯網上，嗯，是的，就像我上大學的時候一樣，我想我想像什麼

14:56

其他對人類未來影響最大的事情是的，顯然你追求了多種

15:02

在那些喜歡的選擇中，當你第一次加入特斯拉時，你會說什麼，就像每個人都認為你不是的那樣

15:09

你的創始人知道每個人都試圖糾正你，他沒有發現它實際上是由什麼組成的

15:15

是的，因為我認為很多人只是認為是其他人開始的

15:21

不是真的所以那不是真的人們我認為這是因為everhart有

15:27

參加了一場不間斷的競選活動，試圖為自己有效地為特斯拉贏得唯一的榮譽，他是最糟糕的

15:34

我曾經與之合作過的人，那是在說一些好的，我已經和一些真正好的合作過，所以對於某人來說是最糟糕的

15:40

到目前為止，我曾經與之共事過的人是的，這並不容易，這就是我

15:46

這麼說呃特斯拉的真正起源呃

15:52

去 2000 呃 2003 年我和 jv 共進午餐

15:58

呃，在埃爾塞貢多，我們談到了電動汽車，合資公司說

16:04

呃，嘿，你試過交流推進器 t0 我說不，呃

16:10

但我們談到了電池技術，以及鋰離子如何最終實現長途汽車

16:17

在這一點上從未聽說過埃伯哈特沒有從未聽說過他們所以然後嗯我明白了我得到了

16:25

從交流脈沖和 t0 試駕，我就像哇，好吧，這就是

16:31

非常酷，嗯，所以一開始我很喜歡你們能不能給我做一個零零號我會從你那裡買一個，他們

16:36

他們不是不想再做一個嗎，呃，所以我還好，我說你們真的應該

16:42

將 t0 商業化，因為 t0 擁有我們後來在跑車中擁有的所有屬性，你知道的有點像 250 英里

16:48

範圍從零到 60 在四秒或大約四秒內

16:54

嗯，這是一口兩門井誠然沒有門 t 零，但是

16:59

它看起來你可以看到 t0 和敞篷跑車之間的相似之處它很小基本上是一個小型電動運動

17:05

車，所以我試圖說服呃

17:11

那裡的人

17:16

喜歡商業化預告片就像嘿世界需要看到有可能有一個可行的

17:22

電動車嗯嗯當時我明明很

17:29

呃，你知道在 spacex 工作瘋狂的時間，試圖讓火箭進入軌道，我們還沒有

17:35

修復了它，所以我們要到 2008 年才能為 spacex 解決它

17:42

所以無論如何所以然後嗯嗯我一直在追捕

17:48

交流推進使 t0 商業化

17:54

呃然後奇怪的是他們想要呃不做t0但是呃

18:00

如何做一個電動豐田接穗我猜真相比小說更奇怪所以我喜歡男人

18:06

倉鼠也在跳舞，我的意思是事情就像

18:11

呃，動力總成中的小容量電池會非常昂貴，你知道，不管你怎麼想

18:18

必須有一個 70 或 8 萬美元的電動接穗

18:23

或者你可以爭論十萬美元的電動跑車

18:28

人們願意花十萬美元買一輛電動跑車，但他們不願意像你一樣支付八萬美元

18:33

只省了一小筆呃呃因為

18:38

電池組和電力傳動系統壓倒性地什麼很貴，但我什至說讓我們聽聽，如果你

18:44

伙計們真的想做一個電動接穗我會資助它的百分之十因為你必須找到

18:50

其他人會發現資助其他百分之九十的人，唯一願意做 10 美分的人

18:56

和我和謝爾蓋布林一起，所以那個項目賣掉了

19:01

嗯所以然後我所以然後我發送了呃呃

19:07

我和湯姆蓋奇在一封電子郵件中說，如果你們確定的話，請聽我說

19:12

你不想將 t0 商業化，如果你讓我這樣做怎麼樣，所以我想

19:18

讓我來開一家公司來將 t0 商業化，所以嗯，然後丹說，如果你是

19:24

對將預告片商業化感興趣，他認識另外兩個也有興趣這樣做的團體

19:29

和你想不想我想見見他們呃我從來沒有見過第二組呃但是我遇到的第一組是呃

19:36

呃 eberhard tarponing 和 wright 現在 everhart 一直試圖抹去呃 ian

19:42

賴特也來自歷史，因為他們彼此憎恨，所以呃，就是這樣，但他們所擁有的，呃，就是這樣

19:49

只是基本上計劃被商業化了他們沒有沒有員工沒有辦公室沒有IP

19:57

什麼都沒有

20:04

你說公司在哪裡我不知道在哪裡有一個空殼公司

20:10

價值為零，沒有員工，沒有辦公室

20:15

沒有設計沒有知識產權沒有呃除了一般的想法基本上

20:23

將我在遇到他們之前擁有的 t0 商業化

20:28

就像如果我沒有遇到他們，我會繼續前進創建一家公司，jb是的，在零時商業化

20:34

是的，走了我們的路，這實際上是一天結束時發生的事情哦，我的天哪

20:39

除了一路上有很多悲傷

20:48

大約一年後，呃，埃伯哈德標記了一個熱門和伊恩賴特

20:54

uh uh 無法忍受對方，他們讓我選擇哪個 uh 會

21:00

離開基本上他們不能都在同一家公司所以呃我必須選擇其中一個然後我

21:06

和 jb 談過，我想這是讓我們至少在這裡告訴你不好的選擇是的

21:11

嗯，這就像好的，我們會和它說再見，並保持

21:16

馬克和馬丁我的意思是嗯所以[音樂]呃

21:23

但無論如何，我認為關鍵是當有人說你投資了一家公司時

21:29

我提供的錢是我提供給公司的最不重要的東西沒有公司

21:35

如果我沒有遇到他們，我會向前邁進並創建特斯拉，我認為它與今天的情況沒有什麼區別

21:41

你無法分辨出其中的區別，我認為我們在早期也可以避免很多戲劇性的事情

21:48

所以嗯

21:53

是的，嗯，我想如果有一件事我可以回到過去，說我希望我

21:58

從未見過馬丁·埃弗哈德，所以如果他能回去，他絕對是最糟糕的，是的，以防我沒有做到這一點

22:05

清楚是的最糟糕最糟糕可能我永遠不會他喜歡

22:12

請問我知道開爾文是一個聲稱自己沒有做過的事情的人

22:17

呃，是的，是的，是的，是的

22:23

很明顯，如果你有一台時光機，你可以回到過去而不和他一起工作，是的，太棒了，就是這樣

22:28

當然，我會節省大量的痛苦嗎

22:35

對這麼多車迷來說意義重大

22:41

幫助我們了解誰想出了特斯拉這個名字，還有哪些替代品以及特斯拉的名字

22:46

特斯拉讓你和jb一起爆發卻沒有見面

22:51

馬丁，所以當時所謂的特斯拉汽車是商標

22:57

實際上是由一個住在薩克拉門托附近的人持有的

23:03

告訴他特斯拉汽車是呃，就像我們說的不是我們的人擁有

23:09

呃所以一開始的呃呃實際上好像我們不能用呃

23:16

提出特斯拉汽車的史蒂夫·塞萊克我們從那個人那裡買了商標的人嗯

23:23

沒什麼好想出來的，他註冊了商標，好吧

23:28

我們不能他不會回應任何人呃任何联系所以最後呃我發送了呃

23:39

模擬打頂這是誰雖然他是馬丁最好的朋友呃仍然是一個超級好人

23:45

呃，呃，所以我派呃，馬克跳到那個傢伙的門階上，不離開

23:53

直到我們拿到了特斯拉汽車的商標，所以我忘記了是誰想出來的

23:58

他的名字，但是呃它在它的商標裡你可以查一下商標歷史

24:03

那是誰想出了特斯拉汽車的那個人，但你非常喜歡這個名字，以至於你堅持說是的，你派馬克坐下

24:10

就在他家門口，是的，我想你花了 75 000 美元買了

24:16

商標在當時很多，是的，嗯，所以我認為強調像呃可能也很重要

24:23

你知道，嗯，馬丁·埃弗哈特比我大一點，在我之前有過成功的創業公司，有很多

24:29

錢他只是不願意冒險他並不貧窮他在伍德賽德有一棟價值1000萬美元的房子

24:36

好吧，他只是不願意拿自己的錢冒險，我不是，我願意拿自己的錢冒險，然後我就被捕了

24:43

擴大規模很重要，這不像一些可憐的發明家被大公司壓垮

24:48

資本家，這是他試圖描繪的原型，他有

24:54

他本可以匹配我的投資，呃，如果他願意，他只是不想

24:59

你在什麼時候通過正確的方式知道你是否開始正確地看到危險信號所以你加入他

25:06

他在船上，好像我做得不好我說服jb加入是的，所以

25:12

我希望我們走的最終道路是如果交流排斥沒有提到呃有兩個

25:19

其他有興趣將 t0 商業化的團隊，那麼我就會向前邁進，因為 jb 將 t0 商業化了

25:25

戲劇嗯，這就是我希望發生的道路

25:32

我在這裡犯的道德錯誤是，我想要我的蛋糕，

25:37

也吃，嗯，所以我想喜歡

25:43

想做一家電動汽車公司，我怎麼能有我的蛋糕也能吃，所以如果我有其他人就好了

25:50

經營汽車公司，我只負責類似的整體技術和設計

25:57

喜歡事物的產品方面就像我喜歡做的事情是事物的產品方面不是嗯不是我不喜歡做的老闆

26:02

老闆，但我喜歡工程和設計問題，所以

26:08

嗯，所以我想，好吧，我會做我喜歡做的事情，那就是產品設計，呃

26:17

那麼其他人可以成為首席執行官並處理作為首席執行官的所有瑣事現在不幸的是這不起作用不

26:23

因為你有一個首席執行官，所以效果不好，不，是的

26:30

嗯，是的，事情終於發生了

26:37

嗯 2007 年年中

26:44

馬丁只是在汽車的成本和準備情況上對我撒謊，我實際上給了我一個機會

26:51

說好的所以我說馬克馬丁什麼什麼是什麼汽車的貨物成本是多少

26:57

就像我們在哪裡嘗試我們要追踪的東西，呃，它是否高於我們的價格

27:03

正在收費，我實際上知道答案，呃，因為一個投資者加入了呃誰

27:09

已經完成了誰訂購了課程以及那個投資者呃

27:14

告訴我，嘿嘿，伙計，他為最好的情況下的跑車長期成本加起來的數字是 180

27:22

000 我想我們就像以 85,000 美元的價格出售它

27:27

是的，這就像巨大的，嗯，是的，你可以在音量上彌補是的

27:38

所以基本上我很好，這非常混亂，他還說，嗯，喜歡

27:45

那種新投資者進來了，我說，嗯，大約三分之一的汽車是

27:51

大約三分之一的車工作太晚了，三分之一根本無法工作哦，我很好，這很糟糕

27:56

所以我打電話給馬丁，就像馬丁一樣，他們說他不知道這輛車的價格是多少，所以好吧，他對我撒謊

28:03

嗯，因為我問你是怎麼告訴馬丁這件事的，他說是的，我告訴過他，所以當我打電話給馬丁時

28:09

說呃這輛車多少錢一輛哦我不知道你是不是

28:14

當然，而且當他這樣做時，他都對我撒了謊，我就像是這樣，你知道他不能再擔任首席執行官了，所以他有

28:21

董事會會議，我們一致解雇了他，包括他任命的董事會成員

28:27

wow uh 和 uh 當時我們不知道的全部程度

28:33

所以我們讓他繼續工作，就像他不在公司一樣，而是在 2007 年 7 月被解雇了

28:41

呃，然後，我還是不想成為公司的首席執行官，所以我很喜歡

28:48

一個臨時首席執行官，嗯，但我實際上是公平地說我是

28:55

從 2007 年 7 月起擔任事實上的 CEO，因為在任命臨時 CEO 時，這位臨時 CEO

29:02

對汽車一無所知，所以我基本上不得不增加我的時間分配到

29:07

特斯拉和幫助解決幫助新 CEO 解決問題

29:13

這一切都在發生，呃，因為我們正在進入 2008 年

29:19

呃，我的意思是我非常不想成為首席執行官

29:24

想明確一點，我本可以從第一天起就擔任 CEO

29:30

嗯，我喜歡第一天的多數股權，是的，是的，因為如果我願意，我現在是首席執行官

29:36

成為首席執行官我可以隨時讓自己成為首席執行官不需要任何陰謀或權謀

29:42

我只能說我在故事中給我買了 CEO 嗯，是的，所以這是因為我試圖

29:50

不是首席執行官，呃，事情變得有問題，是的，嗯

29:55

所以呃，我們有幾個月的臨時 CEO，然後我們在 2007 年進行了 CEO 搜索，呃

30:02

唯一願意同意的人是 zev 繪圖，如果你們還記得任何關於

30:08

特洛伊爵士，好吧，約瑟夫是嗯

30:15

我喜歡zev其實呃讓我們說他無所畏懼

30:21

嗯，所以唯一一個願意成為特斯拉首席執行官的人是一個在特斯拉工作了三年的人

30:28

以色列傘兵，什麼都不怕

30:33

所以它加入了首席執行官嗯但是從性格的角度來看他

30:41

呃，他的性格和團隊的其他人不太合得來，所以

30:47

嗯，在 zev 擔任 CEO 而我成為事實上的聯合 CEO 大約六個月之後，因為

30:54

再說一次，他對電動汽車一無所知，他真的是這次旅行的技術人員

31:00

行業嗯嗯團隊的那種

31:05

基本上發生了叛亂，他們說如果嗯

31:12

如果zev繼續擔任首席執行官，我們都會離開，所以他們就像我一樣

31:17

好吧，那我想你們至少可以等我們完成一輪融資嗎？

31:24

所以因為這是 2008 年年中，就像 2008 年 7 月，就像我們剛剛

31:30

需要完成的融資回合你能知道到那時很難嗎

31:35

他們就像好的，我們會再堅持幾個月，然後我們嘗試籌集資金

31:41

基本上是 2008 年夏天，我們拿到了條款清單，但市場開始跌落懸崖

31:48

大約在 2008 年 9 月。所以條款清單永遠不會變成

31:54

實際協議嗯，嗯，投資，然後是一群投資者

32:00

正在考慮投資特斯拉自己破產了，所以這不像你知道的

32:06

他們一直在阻止我們他們自己只是想弄清楚如何不破產是的檸檬兄弟和

32:12

貝爾斯登，你知道咬灰塵，還有一堆大銀行

32:17

如果沒有政府乾預，也會成為塵埃所以

32:22

不管怎樣，戈德曼領先一輪

32:29

2008 年 9 月，市場不會發生任何一輪

32:35

正在暴跌 um [音樂] 然後 iii 告訴 zer 就像服務 um

32:42

我將不得不投入所有我已經擁有的所有錢

32:49

你要知道把我所有的籌碼都放在桌子上，嗯，zev說我完全理解，嗯

32:56

所以我還好，所以技術上喜歡我從 2007 年年中開始擔任 CEO

33:03

呃，他說就像你知道的那樣，CEO 遲到了

33:08

2008. 有很多戲劇性的男人

33:15

噩夢年嗯，很喜歡

33:20

就像那一年的中途，spacex 的第三次發射失敗了，我只是認為我們已經受夠了

33:28

三個發射的錢，所以就像我們三個零一樣

33:33

與 spacex 一起發射嗯，我的婚姻感覺分崩離析，所以我要離婚

33:40

呃，融資輪次的故事分崩離析，我們離生產還很遠，我們面臨著嚴重的衰退

33:48

是的，美好時光的派對不會比完美的更糟糕

33:53

風暴人是的，非常殘酷，至少可以說是最低點中的最低點

34:00

嗯，那麼

34:06

你的幫助，所以當你接任首席執行官時，我可以問一個嗎

34:12

這是很多人我認為我從未見過的作品，它記錄了產品開發在哪裡，就像在

34:18

當你接管它時，產品正在製作中，因為我認為很多誤解人們都有這樣的想法，即你出現在一個完成的產品上

34:24

沒有 iiii 從一開始就超賣了產品，所以

34:30

就像我之前提到的，我的角色是呃

34:35

實際上就像首席產品官嗯，所以令人困惑的是

34:41

通常擔任首席產品官的人不是投資者，所以人們會感到困惑，比如你是誰

34:46

就像我都是，錢是你知道的，投資是最不重要的部分，嗯，嗯，只是我

34:54

相信如果你要開公司

35:00

就像其他人的錢的對立面一樣，我認為這樣做在道德上是正確的

35:05

呃，如果你不准備投資你的錢，那你為什麼要讓別人投資他們的，這是不對的

35:11

這就是為什麼我投資呃，我為我的第一家兩家公司投資，我沒有錢，所以我不能投資 zip 2

35:18

這就是為什麼不，我喜歡開始 zip 2 呃

35:24

就像我在 95 年擱置在斯坦福大學的研究生學習時一樣，我有十萬美元

35:29

學生債務，因為我沒有開始呃開始標準季度，這意味著

35:34

我無法進入學生宿舍我失去了學生津貼我是的我的意思是我有兩個

35:41

一千美元好吧，我聽說學生債務超過十萬美元

35:46

和一台電腦，所以呃

35:51

還有那個夏天的晚上五點我寫了第一張地圖和方向呃和白頁和yelp頁面呃呃

35:58

曾經親自在互聯網上，這太瘋狂了，是的，這太瘋狂了

36:04

他們就像你使用了什麼網站我不使用網絡服務器我只是直接讀取端口我沒有時間

36:10

在一個進程和另一個進程之間移動數據直接讀取端口為什麼需要服務器

36:16

3.8080 從解決 [笑聲]

36:25

是的，但我沒有錢，所以當我哥哥下來時，他有五千美元，這就像一個巨大的進步

36:31

兩天的貝克曼，呃，我們發現就像一個

36:37

就像一個閣樓式的辦公室，呃，屋頂上有一個洞，澆水就像堆在上面

36:43

地板和地毯都弄髒了，嗯，但我認為加利福尼亞不會經常下雨，所以

36:50

我們從附近的地毯店買了一張打折的地毯，然后買了兩個蒲團，他們

36:57

只想睡在辦公室，然後重新製作它，讓它在白天看起來很正式

37:04

在某一時刻，我們仍然只有一台電腦，所以網站在晚上無法工作，因為我正在編碼

37:10

晚上，網絡服務器將在白天運行，嗯，以及我們上網的方式

37:16

訪問是在下面的地板上有一個 isp 所以呃我只是我只是跑了

37:21

一根穿過天花板的以太網電纜在地板上鑽了一個洞，穿過天花板，將它插入下面的 isp

37:29

不，他們不知道我不知道，但是如果您直接插入，我們會給您一個真正便宜的價格

37:35

所以我沒有得到許可證或任何你知道的東西我只是在地板上滾了一個洞然後拿走了

37:40

看到電纜向下並將其插入，所以它就像好的我們不需要它買一個 t1 或路由器或任何東西讓我們走

37:48

嗯，嗯，然後當我們的兄弟來的時候

37:53

下來，我們設法得到了第二台計算機，這樣就可以了，這台可以運行，我可以在另一台上編碼

37:59

嗯，嗯，是的，所以這就像我們沒有

38:04

甚至有一套公寓，我們基本上只是在 pagemail el camino um 上的 ymca 洗了個澡，就像你知道的那樣很容易

38:11

走過去，讓你感覺一開始我們的錢是多麼少

38:17

什麼都沒有，我需要盒子裡的千斤頂

38:22

如果你知道盒子裡的傑克，是的，但我想澄清的一件事是所有的旅程如何

38:29

創始人喜歡逐漸變細，所以顯然everhard被解雇了，是的，發生了什麼事

38:34

與 jb 和其他所有人一起，就像他們的旅程一樣，你甚至知道他們的角色

38:42

所以嗯，是的，我的意思是我認為準確地說有五個

38:47

呃，特斯拉的聯合創始人，你知道，嗯，即使我只是買他的錢

38:52

很難，他顯然會是那五個人之一，嗯，伊恩賴特也應該被認為是五個人之一，因為

38:58

像誰在那裡你知道什麼時候公司基本上會有

39:03

什麼都不是，這就是現在的五個人

39:10

歸根結底，jb和我是必不可少的，所以他們不會成為成功的特斯拉，否則他們會

39:17

知道它甚至永遠不會投入生產，嗯，我認為這方面的證據就像嘿，我們解雇了馬丁

39:24

嗯，給了他一大筆錢，開了一家汽車公司，他做到了，他確實嘗試過，但沒有成功

39:32

是的，是的，如果你這麼棒，為什麼它會成功，為什麼沒有人和他一起離開

39:40

是的，如果有人很棒，所以他們留下好人每次都和他們一起離開

39:46

沒有一個人離開這是一個告訴那裡的生活公司和團隊成員跟隨

39:51

我們一起，所以如果你不能做到這一點，當每個人都知道你的時候見首席執行官，當你在那裡做的時候，這不是一個好兆頭是的

39:58

你正在嘗試你正在嘗試找出真相或跟隨的事情沒有人跟隨好吧

40:05

如果我是他是好人而我是壞人為什麼他們會和我在一起

40:14

矽谷的一位頂尖工程師有 17 個工作機會，他們可以在任何地方工作

40:19

因此，如果他們不尊重個人為此而工作，那麼他們將在其他地方工作，坦率地說，人們可能會有

40:25

比特斯拉提供的錢多得多，你知道，而且風險更小

40:32

所以沒關係，所以他們可以得到博士，他們會去工作，我不知道蘋果什麼的

40:38

以更少的風險賺更多的錢，但事實並非如此

40:44

今天的特斯拉和spacex被評為畢業時最值得去的地方

40:50

工程師是的為什麼

40:57

是的，很清楚，是的，所以嗯

41:04

是的，所以想清楚地了解公司或人員的時間表

41:09

呃，電動跑車的概念值得稱讚，呃是交流推進，是的，零

41:18

是的，嗯，嗯，所以他們應該得到很多讚譽

41:25

嗯，埃伯哈德也永遠不會提到，所以這也是一個不好的跡象

41:31

這就像如果你就像它來自他腦海中的整塊布一樣我就像不不不

41:37

來自 ac propulsion uh tom gagen 和 alcoconi 的 t-zero 是的

41:43

製造了他們使用的電動跑車他們接受了他們的想法並說讓我們將其商業化是的同意

41:50

並且獨立地，我還認為讓我們將其商業化，據稱還有其他一些團隊也有這個想法

41:56

讓我們將 c0 商業化，因為交流推進器不會自己做

42:03

嗯，但從一開始我就監督

42:09

產品開發實際上 eberhard 將汽車的一系列問題歸咎於我

42:16

說哦，就像它昂貴的原因是因為埃隆堅持關於汽車的所有這些事情，這就像沒關係，所以如果我是

42:23

呃控制細節或產品設計，但我也與它無關

42:28

哪一個是我不能兩者兼而有之我不能因為微觀管理而受到指責

42:34

汽車的設計，但也與它無關，這兩者之一是不相容的，是的，嗯

42:41

所以我為那輛車的每一寸都苦惱

42:51

我是說在帕薩迪納設計學院給了我一個榮譽學位

42:56

因為我在跑車上的工作，所以這就是我必須做的很多事情是的，嗯

43:05

嗯，但問題的問題

43:11

與生產我實際上寫了一篇我不知道你是否呃

43:17

就像它就在某個地方，嗯，特斯拉的早期歷史就像一篇博客文章

43:23

我不知道你是否看過它已經有一段時間了我不認為我看過它是的你可能會知道

43:30

從返航機或類似的東西中疏通它就像特斯拉早期歷史的歷史，所以我試圖解釋像

43:36

只是詳細說明事情是如何混亂的，嗯，就像核心一樣

43:44

汽車本身的產品設計是我想你知道引人注目的呃

43:49

但是關於如何實現它的商業決策在起作用

43:56

在許多瘋狂的決定中，曾經做過的都是可怕的

44:02

將電池生產外包給泰國一家燒烤廠

44:09

是的，所以我敢肯定他們做的燒烤很棒，他們不知道如何製作高級

44:15

鋰離子電池組哦，天哪，雖然它不是工廠，但嘿，它是工廠是的

44:23

我們是否確定它是否真的是對的，是的，所以呃

44:28

所以呃，就像電池是在日本製造的，然後運到

44:34

泰國然後被放入電池組然後再次乘船去呃英國呃

44:40

被放進一輛車然後呃那輛車會再次乘船去

44:45

加利福尼亞是最初的市場，所以就像這樣，它最終就像一個長達五六個月的供應鏈，所以如果有任何問題

44:52

隨著包裝的銷售，您將擁有基本上半年的庫存，是的，以及無法使用的汽車

44:57

基本上發生了什麼，所以燒烤公司完全無法做出

45:04

電池組呃他們之前從來沒有做過類似的事情

45:09

呃這麼多的戲劇

45:14

馬丁不想改變電機尺寸呃或電力電子

45:20

尺寸來自交流推進設計，因此需要 uh

45:26

兩速變速器嗯，有三次嘗試

45:33

雙速變速器他們都失敗了，呃，我想大約一千萬美元只是為了嘗試

45:39

做一個兩檔變速箱嗯

45:45

在我們解僱馬丁之後，我說我們只是要改變，使電機更大，電力電子更大，

45:51

擺脫兩個速度，只是有呃直接呃你知道沒有傳輸只是一個

45:58

直接驅動基本上需要差速器和轉速減速器，但您不再需要離合器

46:04

呃所以呃我們只是把馬達馬達做得更大了電力電子設備變得相當

46:10

傳輸呃它是納米傳輸沒有沒有傳輸我們第一次時這個詞的正常意義

46:17

投入生產的汽車仍然擁有糟糕的兩速變速器，它只是卡在一檔

46:22

所以它的最高時速大約是每小時 65 英里或類似的東西

46:28

[笑聲] 並且有機會抓住它

46:33

嗯，是的，車身面板一直是呃

46:42

外包給一家完全無法生產碳纖維車身面板的公司

46:48

嗯，曾經，當我訪問蓮花時，我問他們

46:54

他們說的十大風險哦，您的車身面板供應商將失敗，對不起，這就像星期五一樣

46:59

好吧，讓我們現在就去那裡，就像星期五晚上一樣，嗯，所以我們去了車身面板

47:05

東西，就像工具是錯的一樣，它們都是錯的，它們不適合

47:11

呃，任何給定的車身面板都必須基本上是手手按摩，就像我一樣

47:16

就像在工具中製作它然後它會是錯誤的工具是錯誤的並且過程是錯誤的所以那麼你必須

47:21

基本上手工製作每個車身面板，以使其隱約合身，甚至

47:26

在那之後，呃，車身面板與後備箱的間隙太差了，你可以把拇指放在中間

47:33

在間隙中，它就像是一團糟，難以置信

47:38

我就像哇，好吧，這些傢伙成功的機率為零，所以我們不得不轉移身體

47:43

面板呃生產到法國的這家公司 sotera 呃，然後我最終在

47:49

法國呃

47:55

幾個月來，嗯，只是為我們擁有的身體構建新工具

48:01

改造整個身體，嗯，所以 zotero 能夠製造

48:06

身體，但是，但是他們，但你仍然需要重新裝備這東西，所以我們不得不重新裝備整個

48:13

車身嗯所以讓我們看看我們所以我們換了車

48:19

身體電池組是呃我將生產電池組轉移到

48:24

一兩個門洛公園基本上到海灣地區，我當時認為技術上是聖癒傷組織

48:30

嗯，並把總裝換成了

48:36

el camino 上的汽車經銷店 um 福特汽車經銷店

48:41

如果你看電動汽車的複仇你可以看到其中一些場景

48:47

嗯，而不是蓮花，就像我們做電池組一樣

48:54

在聖卡洛斯 uh 然後 um and and 也使馬達動力

48:59

電子產品，所以我基本上發貨了電池組，電機和電子產品的內購生產，呃

49:07

特斯拉內部，所以我們可以快速迭代，並且實際上已經找到了一個可行的設計

49:12

之所以喜歡，是因為設計必須是安全可靠的，而且不花冤枉錢或無關緊要

49:18

所以是的，所以身體

49:26

車身電機電力電子傳輸到單速

49:33

呃，幾乎所有的車都發生了變化，所以我們不得不對公司進行資本重組

49:40

你花了大約兩年的時間才知道我們可以真正投入生產

49:46

從 2007 年年中到 2009 年年中

49:52

跑車的最初願景是什麼，雖然我的意思是你顯然有生產問題，但是

49:59

一旦你構思了它，你就有了最初的願景，我知道回想起來你說過你使用

50:05

跑車的身體，因為有太多的妥協，嗯，伊莉絲，你是什麼意思，是的，呃

50:10

是的，所以特斯拉是在兩個錯誤的假設下創造出來的

50:19

一個錯誤的假設是你可以使用交流推進傳動系統技術

50:26

並且你可以拿一個蓮花 elise uh 並輕鬆地將其修改為

50:31

有一個電動動力總成，所以基本上把呃交流推進動力傳動系統塞進一個租約裡

50:37

嗯讓蓮花做生產外包一切只是嗯我認為馬丁的

50:43

認為員工的峰值人數會是 35 人，就像字面上的那樣

50:48

這一切聽起來都很棒，尤其是來自當時的軟件背景，就像我一樣

50:54

聽起來不錯，你知道，不幸的是，呃

51:00

那些淘汰交流推進技術的人都沒有在生產車輛中可行，他們使用了

51:06

例如模擬 um 和模擬電力電子設備，你知道的，比如

51:12

取決於它是什麼溫度，呃，你的汽車要么工作要么不工作，或者肯定工作非常不同，嗯

51:20

所以我們設計了我們自己的數字 um powerpower 電子產品

51:28

所以這輛車的表現會是一致的

51:34

我們最終沒有使用交流推進電機設計，我們增加了

51:39

我們改變了電機設計，我們最終完全沒有使用任何交流推進技術，所以

51:48

嗯，所以它是在那邊的事情，然後與 elise 的問題是

51:54

一旦你在汽車上添加一個大電池組，汽車的質量現在就像

52:00

比葉子重 40%，因此您使 elise 的整個結構設計無效

52:06

呃電池組不適合所以我們不得不拉伸底盤質量分佈完全

52:12

不同，是的，就像我說的舊碰撞測試無效所有結構設計都無效

52:18

呃，你必須這樣做，你必須這樣做，你實際上是在重新設計所有東西，但是但仍然是

52:23

留下了 elise 的限制，那就是它太小了，所以

52:28

這是一個你甚至不能使用空調系統的問題，因為空氣

52:34

空調是皮帶驅動的，所以我們需要一個電動空調系統，所以甚至不能使用它

52:40

嗯，所以最後這輛車就像我想的那樣

52:47

可能有 4% 或 5% 的部分與 elise 相同

52:53

嗯，沒什麼，基本上它比我們從一張乾淨的床單開始更糟糕

52:58

就像如果你說你有一個特定的家，而不是把那個家建在一塊新的

53:04

把別人的家拿走，把你想要的東西放進去，然後你把所有東西都推倒，除了

53:11

一堵牆和地下室是另一個腳印和一堵牆和呃

53:17

你知道，所以你必須擁有那樣的東西，然後你試著建造你夢想中的家

53:23

一次，但有了別人的基礎，這就像不是一個好主意，而且比你只做一個更昂貴

53:29

乾淨的床單是的，所以這是一個問題

53:35

你有沒有考慮過中途完全放棄身體，或者只是資本也已經沉沒了

53:41

遲到的選項你說的放下身體是什麼意思我的意思是根本不使用elise和

53:47

嗯，是的，我曾經告訴過 jv，我說我認為我們不應該擁有我們不應該與 lotus 合作

53:53

我們應該直接這樣做，合資公司就像你知道我們仍然不知道如何製造汽車一樣

53:59

不像我們只是從你如何製造汽車一個你知道如何學習的想法中得出的，所以理論上呃

54:05

這是一家汽車公司，已經存在了 50 年，應該是你應該有很多專業知識

54:11

比從未造過車的人更是如此

54:18

是的，但是嗯

54:25

因為 uh lotus 會有周期性的財務困難

54:30

財務困難，然後他們會呃轉動特斯拉的螺絲，所以呃，因為如果你確定在蓮花和

54:38

你可以選擇呃讓我們去籌集資金或讓我們提取資金

54:43

從特斯拉，否則他們會從特斯拉那裡榨取錢，所以他們

54:48

從特斯拉那裡提取很多錢，我們別無選擇，實際上我們不可能

54:55

沒有選擇權，我們被困住了製造汽車的唯一方法是用蓮花，所以當他們提高價格時

55:00

對我們來說，我們無能為力 [音樂] 但畢竟我們

55:07

設法降低了汽車的成本

55:13

以前是 180 000 到我認為大約 80 000

55:20

嗯，大約在 2009 年中期

55:26

但是通過重新設計和重新設計整個供應鏈

55:32

你知道，除了極少數例外，嗯，要得到汽車的成本真是太難了

55:39

呃低於價格然後我們然後我們提高了汽車的價格

55:44

我想我們的平均售價大概在 110 120 左右

55:50

所以我們能夠獲得 25 美分的利潤，但非常困難

55:55

嗯，但他實際上很難

56:02

沒有人可以說特斯拉不珍惜今天的跑車仍然比今天更多的資產，所以

56:07

是的，是的，我知道那裡還有很多原始跑車，我很幸運能拿到 523。好吧，是的

56:14

漂亮的電藍色，你們為主人重新粉刷的那個，因為嗯，是的，他告訴我關於那個的故事

56:20

猜猜他後退到停車場的某個地方有人打了他，你們為他重新粉刷了它很漂亮很漂亮

56:25

漂亮，是的，一開始我們有一些非常狂野的顏色，嗯，因為就像汽車一次只被製造成一個一樣，所以

56:32

是你可以讓它們變成各種有趣的顏色

56:37

我們有一個非常鮮豔的橙色，嗯，所以

56:44

就像製作非常困難一樣，我從第一組中就得到了嗯

56:50

那個破產的公司的工具

56:55

完全無法製作車身呃我們能夠提取五個車身

57:01

呃，每一個車身都需要大量的手動修改才能看起來像

57:07

垃圾基本上有巨大的身體間隙和東西嗯但只有五個

57:13

從字面上看是五輛，所以第一輛呃五輛生產跑車

57:19

呃有舊工具的身體

57:25

然後呃，然後我們就可以過渡到分揀機了

57:31

嗯，是的，它是如此 uh ira print company 嗯

57:37

切換到使用氣動工具製造的車身

57:42

他們確實做得很好

57:47

我記得我不得不和那裡的製作團隊談過

57:53

工作量比平時多得多，我的意思是他們不像他們那樣

57:59

良好的職業道德，但你知道他們就像我一樣

58:04

你們能不能不要去度假，否則一家公司基本上會隨著我的演講而消亡

58:10

簡而言之，是的，他們實際上就像好的，我們會留下來，我們會成為我的車友

58:16

我他們很友善，實際上推遲了他們的假期和其他事情

58:22

呃，花一些時間來為特斯拉等汽車做朋友

58:27

太酷了，嗯

58:33

斯科特·蒂姆·沃特金斯（scott tim watkins）也值得稱讚，因為市場對於做到這一點至關重要

58:39

工作 jb 的角色很關鍵，他做到了，這樣電池就不會著火了，對吧

58:45

是的，戴夫 jb 就像呃，我的意思是 jv 嗯

58:51

andrew baklino 嗯，我的意思是那裡有很多

58:58

那裡真的是一流的人解決了我的意思

59:03

並不是說電池不會著火，只是如果我看到一個角落著火，它就不會熱失控，而另一個多米諾骨牌

59:08

細胞所以

59:15

我的意思是為了實現這一點，我們必須進行液體冷卻以保持電池溫度均勻

59:21

嗯，然後你遇到了一個棘手的問題，你想要一些導熱但導電的東西

59:27

孤立的，所以你知道這是這些東西通常會在一起，如果有什麼是呃

59:32

導熱的，它也是導電的

59:37

嗯所以嗯試圖找到一些材料呃

59:44

仍然冷卻冷卻或加熱電池的電池，嗯，但不會造成短路

59:50

相當困難，然後敞篷跑車的早期包裝是嗯，我們沒有，我們做了

59:57

不擴大規模我們沒有辦法

1:00:02

嗯冷卻管，所以我們只有一個直的冷卻管，所以它沒有太多的接觸

1:00:08

嗯，在電池和冷卻管之間，嗯，無論如何，我們讓它基本上工作了，嗯

1:00:16

沒有太多沒有太多的戲劇性嗯，但它需要大量的迭代

1:00:21

並且讓電池組自己在海灣地區成為製造汽車最昂貴的地方

1:00:30

我覺得造車的地方很貴，但實際上比外包給一家公司便宜

1:00:36

泰國的燒烤公司 [笑聲] 因為它確實有效

1:00:43

所以你知道這個包的最初設計是非常錯誤的

1:00:49

因為它也必須沒問題你知道在事故中嗯

1:00:56

所以你知道它不能只是你知道你也能堅強面對事故所以

1:01:03

在那些早期的任何時候，顯然破產就像是在敲門

1:01:10

有沒有破產實際上在技術上被敲門了，嗯，就像2008年一樣，但在那之前沒有，好吧

1:01:18

因為我喜歡貝寶的錢，就在我開始用貝寶的錢用完而市場開始下跌的時候

1:01:24

要你知道進入了衰退，那時破產正在敲門，所以它更像是嗯

1:01:31

你知道從 2008 年到 2008 年

1:01:37

2012年破產敲門還好頻繁

1:01:42

只是站在那裡，希望這不是一個特別的人

1:01:48

但是大衛在任何時候都有過你的想法

1:01:54

只是說這是一個壞主意我只需要我不知道專注於spacex或其他東西

1:02:01

嗯，在那四年裡，是的，我有過，我的意思是我做過的最艱難的決定之一

1:02:07

製作是在 2008 年，嗯，我可以認為它像

1:02:15

還剩下 4000 萬美元，或者從貝寶銷售中得到的東西

1:02:20

我可以擁有它就像好的我可以放在spacex或全部放在特斯拉上

1:02:28

並且可能增加一個單詞五個或者我可以拆分拆分你知道然後它是

1:02:35

喜歡，但對我來說，就像套件一樣，公司就像孩子一樣，你知道這對我來說不僅僅是一家公司，所以

1:02:41

這有點像如果你有兩個孩子，你怎麼能說好的，我們會讓一個孩子餓死你知道嗎？

1:02:47

我就像可以讓自己說我要你肯定知道那家公司肯定會死那家公司肯定會死所以我

1:02:53

最後把錢分了，然後把 2000 萬美元給了 10.2 億美元給

1:03:00

spacex 但這最終可能是一個超級愚蠢的決定，兩家公司都可能因此破產

1:03:07

所以當時我就像男人，如果兩家公司都破產，那真的很糟糕，因為我有點分裂

1:03:13

你知道的那頓飯

1:03:18

但幸運的是，如果第四次發射失敗，spacex 的第四次發射到達軌道，spacex 將會死機

1:03:24

肯定的，然後我們關閉了特斯拉融資

1:03:30

在可能的最後一天的最後一個小時進行一輪，即 12 月 6 點

1:03:36

2008 年 24 日。嗯，瘋狂的瘋狂

1:03:41

嗯，唯一願意投資的人是特斯拉現有投資者的一部分

1:03:48

所以嗯，你知道，那就是嗯

1:03:55

你知道呃呃是的我就像

1:04:01

antonio crossus 我們的 aaron price 史蒂夫戴維森

1:04:07

我想可能還有其他一些，但那是三個主要的，嗯

1:04:15

然後優勢點誰是這個地球上最糟糕的風險投資家呃

1:04:20

還有艾倫·薩爾茲曼，他是在douchebag douchebaggery中聽到的僅次於馬丁的第二個

1:04:27

他實際上希望特斯拉破產，這樣他就可以重新審視公司，這就是他的策略

1:04:34

真是個混蛋，無論如何，他們拒絕允許不平等

1:04:39

就像我們嘗試進行股權融資一樣，他們阻止了股權融資，所以唯一的方法是因為推銷員和

1:04:46

有利位置鮮為人知的事實想在2008年12月故意試圖讓特斯拉破產。

1:04:53

呃，他們的邪惡計劃是破產，然後他們會將股權歸零並重述

1:04:59

公司和擁有整個事情非常邪惡是的，是的，但邪惡但也很愚蠢，因為就像曾經的電話公司一樣

1:05:06

破產了，你對客戶失去信心，像這樣的人這家公司破產了，供應商就像呃這輛車在做什麼

1:05:12

破產了，我不想給你買零件，是的，所以他們負擔得起，邪惡的陰謀會失敗

1:05:18

但不管怎樣，但是好的投資者

1:05:24

呃同意匹配呃 20 英里 2000 萬，那麼特斯拉將有 4000 萬美元

1:05:30

所以這是但是因為它不能是股權輪它必須是可轉換為股權的債務

1:05:36

回合，因為 vantage point 擁有股權阻塞權，是的，這就像你知道的一些

1:05:42

基本的知識，嗯，這對風險投資者來說實際上是非常困難的

1:05:49

因為他們的投資條款就像他們不是債務投資者，他們是

1:05:55

股權投資者，所以他們實際上必須去找他們的合作夥伴，以獲得特斯拉的例外情況

1:06:01

這是可轉換為股權的債務，並且只有在未來的某個有利位置才能轉換為股權

1:06:07

同意允許它投資它是一個艱難的位置是的

1:06:12

尤其是在通用汽車和克萊斯勒破產的時候

1:06:19

嗯，是的，我的意思是我試圖籌集外部資金，嗯，人們很生氣，我什至問過

1:06:25

就像當我打電話試圖為特斯拉籌集資金時，我們的外部資金為零

1:06:32

2008 年 12 月，呃，因為就像很多公司一樣

1:06:38

他們破產了，就像沒有人像海倫娜一樣，所以我們設法讓這一切順利通過

1:06:44

一個可轉換的債務回合嗯，基本上只是匹配的

1:06:51

我投入的錢是我擁有的一切，然後我擁有零錢，甚至沒有房子或

1:06:56

2008 年底我的前妻有什麼房子

1:07:01

所以我基本上什麼都沒有，然後我實際上不得不借錢來支付房租和

1:07:07

東西，因為如果是的話，就像字面上的零一樣

1:07:12

零所以呃，那基本上讓我們六個月

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2022年7月9日 星期六

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2022年7月9日星期六